Consumers Digest
Generated Product Reviews Knowledge Base
How do reviews and product analysis work? Do the companies (the people that review and analyse) get paid by the manufacturers? Or do they pay the manufacturers to review their products and earn their income from the readers and advertising? Or is the revenue generated purely by advertising and subscription/membership? I'm quite unsure and appreciate everything ... Thankyou
How can I generate a lot of traffic to my product review website? I have a website doing product reviews for a specific market or niche as some call it. How can I drive traffic to it without costing a lot of money. It's a pretty competitive niche so I can't really afford the pay per click costs and SEO just takes forever or I'm just not doing it right. Anyone have any suggestions or ideas? Thanks!
Generating backlinks for product review sites? I'm new to the whole affiliate marketing and IM thing. Any tips? It's hard to find relevant blogs with a decent PR for my niche that I can guest post on (or maybe I need to look harder). Should I just look to buy a program and spin and submit articles? Dougie, what you're looking for is people who keep coming back to your website. What I'm looking for is people who just come for the review. I just need to be ranked higher on Google. noFollow links may be of some help to you, but they wouldn't do me any good.
is there any software that can automatically generate separate webpages for every product on my web site? I don't wanna sale products online. I just want to publish product name, specification, Market Price and reviews etc.
What corporate structure is best for licensing a patented product in regards to taxes? My wife is negotiating a licensing deal on a patented product (patented under her name) which may may end up with upfront payments and royalties being paid to her. While we will eventually consult a lawyer to review any offer we receive, we are thinking about how to structure the deal to minimize taxes for us. My thoughts are having her license the patent to a corporation owned by ourselves, which then licenses the patent to the company interested in paying for it. In general, how should we structure this to minimize our taxes on the licensing fees / royalties we hope to generate? Thanks
Is there any popular posting site to put a new software product release? My company, Marketplace Software, LLC has a new product release of e-manage version 6.0. and It's so hard to find someone to look at software and review it, or let you post your press releases. Please answer me with some sites I can post to generate interest, or people that love software as much as i do and have a software reviewers job becuase they love seening cutting edge software
Do Republicans have a Conscience? The Republicans may or may not understand the gravity of what is happening as a result of Bush policy, but more importantly they do not care. The fact that the Administration is in the process of attempting to morph every facet the United States government into a self-serving entity is of no consequence to them. Since they suffer no consequences and also read the kinds of unquestioning juvenile postings that are generated here, they are emboldened and must be saying to to themselves "We can get away with anything". That's why the Bush administration values loyalty without question or conscience, over what is truly in the best interest of the American people. That's why it is so easy for the Republican elite to sacrifice the children of the middle class in an ill-conceived war..it's not their little spoiled darlings. John Dean has it right: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/customer-reviews/0670037745/ref=cm_cr_dp_pt/104-6425815-1616703?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books
Windows 7 Beta - anyplace to download it? I need to buy an OS for a new computer I built. However, Windows 7 will be out much later this year (and the reviews are very good for it), but I need a windows OS right now. Instead of buying a copy of windows xp or Vista right now, I would like to use Windows 7 Beta until it is released, and then buy Windows 7 and use my money for an updated OS. So, are there any torrents anywhere that have legit copies of Windows 7 beta? (MS is still generating product keys for it, even though they stopped distributing the 2.5 mil downloads they gave out).
Are products that appear in drugstore approved by government agency? For example, I want to try this new mouthwash by the natural dentist, but it seems shady to me because when I google it I can't find many reviews or other people who have used it. Listerine obviously generates many responses. So I'm wondering whether some government agency regulates all of these mouthwashes before they appear at Rite Aid, for example. That's the thing - it uses completely different ingredients, such as potassium citrate, citric acid, xylitol, etc. And I don't know what the hell those are.
Are U.S. doctors paid by drug companies for prescriptions filled by their patients? You always see drug company suits (sales reps) in your doctors office presumably to meet with the doctor to drop off samples and to review new products and such. Is there a database or some other way that doctors can get like a rebate from the drug company for sales they generate. In plain English do you think doctors get kickbacks for prescriptions they write that are filled?
Let's discuss wedding-now.com. Experience and reviews of purchased items.? Hi All, Ladies: Been lurking around the forum for far too long, and after stumbling across wedding-now.com I found a ton of products (most, if not all knockoffs) that caught my eye. I was hoping to get some discussion going about different items people have purchased from wedding-now, and any success/horror stories they may have. Hopefully this thread can generate some speed, and help people save some cash and headaches in the future.
Traffic Generation Software? I receive emails constantly from internet marketing entrepreneurs with claims of massive traffic generation using their software. Has anyone tried or use a software that has generated decent/ massive amount of traffic to their website, affiliate links or products. I would like reviews/ recommendations of traffic generation software, benefits.
Brand Name naming problem? I have a dillema if I where to make a web site that is user generated but users are able to post brand names. example, if a user post a review about Yahoo! Answers writes the text(e.g. Review: Yahoo! Answers, Review: Coke Cherry, Review: Apple iPod), and writes his own review of the product, is this a violation of brand name copyright?
The nature and purposes of research in the creative media industries? OK, so I have this essay on the nature and purposes of research in the creative media industries to hand in next week, and I don't know where to start! I've been given a brief with the following info on it: Types of research For example: quantative research, e.g. programme ratings, readership circulation figures, hits on a website, box office figures, sales of CDs and DVDs; qualitative research, e.g. film reviews, game reviews, fanzine websites, attitudes to media products, responses to news coverage, responses to advertising campaigns, discussion. Methods and sources of research For example: Primary research (interview techniques, observations, questionnaires, surverys, types of questions, focus groups, audience panels, participation in internet forums); data gathering agencies, e.g. Broadcasters' Audience Research Board (BARB), Radio Joint Audience Research Ltd. (RAJAR); self-generated e.g. own video, audio or photographic records of events. Secondary research (books, journals, reference-based books and directories, periodicals, newspapers, film archives, photo libraries, worldwide web, searching internet forums, CD Rom databases, audie material, ratings, circulation figures, government statistics) Purposes of research For example: audience research (audience data, audience profiling, demographics, geodemographics, cosumer behaviour, consumer attitudes, audience awareness); market research (product market, competition, competitor analysis, advertising placement, advertising effects); production research (content, viability, placement media, finance, costs, technological resources, personnel, locations) Someone, help!
About the "Apple Peel 520" or similar iPod touch accessories...? So, there's thing for the iPod touch called the "Apple Peel 520" by a company from China, Yosion Technology. It is made to look like an iPod touch protective case, but it actually gives your iPod touch the ability make/receive phone calls and send/receive SMS, Much like the Sprint ZTE Peel but this is less bulkier and lets you use an actual SIM card and not use 3G for making your calls. I just bought my iPod touch 4G. I didn't buy an iPhone because of these and I thought that it would be much cheaper if I just bought this later on. The problem is that the Apple Peel 520 has very limited information around the internet. But I do want to know more about this very interesting device... (I've watched almost all youtube videos with connections to this device..) What I want to clarify the most is its quality and the features of the device. We all know how China products can be... And I just want to make sure that I'm not burning my money in vain. (Although it is not that expensive.) I've once read that it has issues in receiving text messages (it receives them in chinese..) Some people who bought the device have issues with the batteries it comes with.. Some say that the case broke a week later and the device has really cheap material (typical in most China "clone/fake" products) and yada yada, so many complaints, etc. AFAIK, the Apple Peel 520 is the first of it's kind. Meaning, this thing is kinda like a prototype of some sorts. So I won't blame it if it has a few flaws because it's bound to have one. Also, since China likes to "clone" A LOT, I'm kinda predicting that better, cooler-looking clones will be available if you have a little bit of patience.. (And I'm right, apparently) So, does anyone know any reviews of this product, potentially the most awesome accessory/add-on to the iPod touch ever? How does it perform? How's the quality? How long does the battery lasts? Or if someone who is here has one, can you give me a review of the device? Does anyone have knowledge of similar products or "clones" of the Apple Peel 520? Right now, I only know 2 products similar to the Apple Peel 520.. (One of which is clone and the other, its successor.) - Apple Peel 520 2G http://www.cnapplepeel.com/apple-peel-520-news/apple-peel-520-generate-2-released/ - Coming Apple Peel http://www.coming.hk/en/ Personally, I think Apple Peel 520 2G > Coming Apple Peel > Apple Peel 520.. Anyone?!?! Thanks in advance..
Does the TV program 'The Gadget Show' in England get to keep the things they review and try out? I would think that with things like watches, cameras, mobiles etc that they would be allowed to keep the products because it is generating interest and is essentially free advertising for the companies that make them. If they do get to keep the products, do you think they have like a little raffle between themselves with the producers name, camera men, presenters etc so it's all fair
Any suggestion regards to using my Hoover Vacuum machine? I bout it for hard floor. I have both tile and laminate wood. I read many good reviews about this product. Tempo Widepath Bagged Upright. It works great with a lot of suction power on carpet, but when I use it on my hard floor, sand / small particles get spitted out behind I can literally feel it is hitting in my feet. Any suggestion? 2) When I operate it generate dusty dumpy smells. I just bought this machine back in November and probably used it less than five times. I used it for dust / sand / floor only. I also just changed a back using Allergy Filter -HEPA bag).
MLM Lead System Pro does it work? I am trying to sell herbal products and i really need to know how to generate leads besides flyers all over town. Everytime i hit a search engine i have noticed that i get an email saying buy this etc to generate leads. I also notice it may not be the same company but the same gimmick. Can someone advise if they used the MLM Lead System pro and got some decent results. From what I am gathering it looks like you are promoting their business and barely your own. I want someone to review my products. I have lost tons of weight and i actually really want to share what i learned with others. I dont have much money and i know you have to put out a little money out to get leads besides the social networking but i really want to be sure if i put out money it generates at least what i paid for it. Please yahoo members and not someone trying to sell this product from MLM. I already have tons of those emails by falling for one of their ** FREE MARKETING TOOLS. Do i need to buy my own softwear? thanks Yahoo you always help. Also i got emails from optmpress as well so please no more emails from this company as well. I know you have to put money somewhere but i really need to be sure i put my money in the right place. I am on facebook , craigslist etc. How long does it really take to see some results in the small leads i get would also be helpful. I know it takes time to sell i have energy but the MLM lead program was almost 45 minuets and when i found out it was another sell I was fit to be tied** I am not mad at their marketing but i just need to know is this the only way to get real leads besides on the street passing out flyers all day. someone is making money and it has to be not just facebook. thanks!!
Are you an online parasite? For someone who uses the internet about twenty hours a day, I was the type of online surfer/researcher who would post comments on websites or give reviews of products I've tried. So I have a lot of exposure to the online parasites, haters, forum cancers, or whatever term you call them. Who are they? They are the motherfcukers that exist only to be hated in chat rooms, forums, and any venue where strangers can get together and post thoughts and opinions about a topic. In the 10 months I've been here, I now understand how lame the existence of these people are. I am always open to disagreeing with all of you, even arguing to a point where we throw profanities at each other, but the online parasite is a different breed of human. He/She is dumbshit meets annoying meets nobody loved you as a child meets coward meets failed comedian--because their sole reason for posting is really not to contribute but to see if they can rile up a crowd. I've been trying to analyze their sentences and behavior patterns (not that I'm some sort of psych graduate but I'm using common sense), and it really is the pinnacle of what it means to be a pu55y. Consistent with any sociopath, the sad reality is that they are unaware they are pathetic. I guess it makes sense because anyone who thinks they are a comedian would never believe himself to be unfunny regardless if he generates laughs or not. If you are one of these parasites, the main problem is, YOU DON"T KNOW IT. And that's why my beloved internet will never get rid of you. Again, I don't mind jerks. I will admit that I could be amongst the worst of them, but it's never void of a reason or an attempt to make a point. The realities of the world is that a55holes multiply faster than good people. Stupid people procreate at a quicker pace than smart ones. The internet is a wealth of knowledge and a great venue for debate and entertainment. If you find yourself thinking even for a split second that you may be one of these forum cancers, you likely are. I would have no objection if you were euthanized. Anyway, just took a moment out to write about one of the lowest forms of mankind. I don't know what irritate me more: these website cancers or a person with a fake wanna British accent. I fully understand writing about them is like having a huge a55hole magnet on this question that will make them come here and answer by the hundreds--of course it will because I just dedicated two paragraphs to them--and as a parasite, this kind of attention is the blood you fcukin leeches suck on.
Anyone ever heard of the "Oxylight"? I've had acne problems for a couple of years and i just heard about this new product called the "Oxylight" which uses "high frequency electrical current to generate activated oxygen to fight acne". I've seen some reviews online and most seem to like it, it's actually similar to something my facialist uses with my facials... Do any of guys know about it, tried it, or anything? Thanks... here's a link to one site which describes it. http://www.skinclinic.com/oxylight.htm
FTSE linked products? I work for a leading Building Society and am managing an ongoing campaign. I need to implement new ways of promoting financial reviews and investing in FTSE linked products. These range form very low to high risk investments. I am already arranging an open day with the branch to generate interest but am struggling to come up with anything else. If you have had previous experience in doing a similar thing or just any ideas you think may work I would be very grateful for all your input!!!!!
What can I do about this? I placed an order almost 2 weeks ago on this website that sounded legit (hillrisefarm.com). I recieved an order confirmation email that was automatically generated, but that's it. I tried emailling them and calling them, but their phone goes straight to message and they aren't answering anything. I even tried contacting them through their ebay store but they still didn't respond. What should I do about this? It's the worst experience I've had with an online store. Ome to find out this company operates another website called petpacks.net. I did a search of both companies and found horrible reviews from people who lost money and they never sent their products out. Can I file a complaint somewhere?
What would you do about this? I placed an order almost 2 weeks ago on this website that sounded legit (hillrisefarm.com). I received an order confirmation email that was automatically generated, but that's it. I tried emailing them and calling them, but their phone goes straight to message and they aren't answering anything. I even tried contacting them through their ebay store but they still didn't respond. What should I do about this? It's the worst experience I've had with an online store. Come to find out this company operates another website called petpacks.net. I did a search of both companies and found horrible reviews from people who lost money and they never sent their products out. Can I file a complaint somewhere?
Which laptop is better dv3-1073cl, dv3-1075us, dv3510nr, dv5-1253cl? I have the hp dv7-1243cl laptop and I love it! The only thing about it is that it's bulky and heavy to carry around with me. I am interested in getting something smaller but have read mixed reviews for these laptops. Please help me choose one...Here's what I need in a laptop: 1. Portability 2. Internet Speed, something that will get good internet signals because I surf the web a lot 3. Watch a lot of internet tv and dvds, so good quality colors? 4. Good processor, something pretty fast. Little into 3D gaming 5. Good battery life 6. Doesn't get too hot or generate a lot of heat 7. Worth the money I have posted links for the specification on the link below and the price. Costco: dv3-1073cl 13.3" for $999.99: http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?docname=c01632151&lc=en&dlc=en&cc=us&product=3866461 dv5-1253cl 15.4" with HP wireless printer C4580 for %849.99: http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?docname=c01632267&lc=en&dlc=en&cc=us&lang=en&product=3860534 Fry's electronics dv3-1075us 13.3" $799.99: http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?docname=c01632154&lc=en&dlc=en&cc=us&product=3860372 Best Buy dv3510nr 13.3" for $999.99: http://www.bestbuy.com/site/olspage.jsp?skuId=9027714&type=product&id=1218010176167
Help, my asp.net program is giving me this error when i try to access a certain part of the page..? I'm getting this error when I select an option from the Nav bar on the page: Server Error in '/BRS' Application. Cannot find table 0. Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. Exception Details: System.IndexOutOfRangeException: Cannot find table 0. Source Error: An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below. Stack Trace: [IndexOutOfRangeException: Cannot find table 0.] System.Data.DataTableCollection.get_Item(Int32 index) +92 BVSoftware.BVC.DataLayer.ContentFunctions.AgeRating_GetAll() in C:\Data\BRS\Framework\BVSoftware.BVC.DataLayer\ContentFunctions.vb:484 BVSoftware.BVC.Core.AgeRatings.ListAll() in C:\Data\BRS\Framework\BVSoftware.BVC.Core\ContentServices.vb:1259 BRS.Product_General.LoadAgeRatings() in C:\Data\BRS\BRS\Controls\Product_General.ascx.vb:148 BRS.Product_General.Page_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e) in C:\Data\BRS\BRS\Controls\Product_General.ascx.vb:30 System.Web.UI.Control.OnLoad(EventArgs e) +99 System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() +50 System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() +141 System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() +141 System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() +141 System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() +141 System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() +141 System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() +141 System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() +141 System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) +627
Why does Batman Begins have such a low rating on Rotten Tomatoes? It has a mere 84% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Critics complained for years about Batmans films and when the best possible one is made they weren't that impressed. In his review of Batman Forever Roger Ebert said that "the great Batman film has yet to be made." IIRC he enjoyed Batman Begins but I can't believe anyone didn't. According to Wikipedia, it used a minimum of computer generated special effects. It deserves praise for that alone. But I also noticed something else while watching it - NO PRODUCT PLACEMENT. I didn't notice even one thing. This movie should have had at least a 90% rating.
Smoking ban compliant. Anything you think I should add? This is a draft of an email to my conservative MP Dear Madam, As another winter approaches its getting a lot colder and frostier at nights. I live in Alness so the winds can be particularly icy there as you probably know. I say this because I am writing to complain about the smoking ban in enclosed public spaces. I have heard there will be a review of this law next year and I wish to draw attention to several reasons why I believe the ban should be abolished. 1) Income from Nicotine products is a great source of income for our already crippled NHS. Far more income is generated from taxes on Nicotine products than it costs to treat smokers on the NHS. In other words, the government and the NHS are 'profiting' from smokers. 2) A lot of people say to me they drink at home because its a lot cheaper and at least they can smoke somewhere warm. I think this is bad because at least at the pub people must be sold drinks in certain measurements and at least there is someone watching (responsible bar staff) that they don't have too much. A lot of laws are placed in pubs to make sure people don't drink too much. The smoking ban defeats the purpose of these laws in that people would rather drink at home, risking their health by having too much to drink. 3) A lot of elderly people like to smoke, is it fair to them to expect them to stand out in the freezing cold? A few pubs I know do have outdoor heating lamps but they are not obliged to have them. 4) Smokers are sometimes treated as second class citizens. There have been occasions where I was smoking outdoors and was given verbal abuse for doing so. 5) The manageress in a local pub I went to, now closed, wether due to the smoking ban or not I can't say for sure, said 'The types of people who want a smoking ban don't come to this pub anyway.' 5) Ultimately I feel the current government is 'wrapping us up in cotton wool' so to speak. They're always telling us what we should or should not do, what we should eat, what we should drink. This has to stop. We live in a democracy and have a right to make our own decisions. Yours, You lot are only seeing what you want to see, which is, a way to attack a smoker. Richard you're just as bad if you'd take uor 18 month old son to the pub
Are you against the smoking ban, why? I am sending this email to my MP in favour of abolishing the smoking ban: Dear Madam, As another winter approaches its getting a lot colder and frostier at nights. I live in Alness so the winds can be particularly icy there as you probably know. I say this because I am writing to complain about the smoking ban in enclosed public spaces. I have heard there will be a review of this law next year and I wish to draw attention to several reasons why I believe the ban should be abolished. 1) Income from Nicotine products is a great source of income for our already crippled NHS. Far more income is generated from taxes on Nicotine products than it costs to treat smokers on the NHS. In other words, the government and the NHS are 'profiting' from smokers. 2) A lot of people say to me they drink at home because its a lot cheaper and at least they can smoke somewhere warm. I think this is bad because at least at the pub people must be sold drinks in certain measurements and at least there is someone watching (responsible bar staff) that they don't have too much. A lot of laws are placed in pubs to make sure people don't drink too much. The smoking ban defeats the purpose of these laws in that people would rather drink at home, risking their health by having too much to drink. 3) A lot of elderly people like to smoke, is it fair to them to expect them to stand out in the freezing cold? A few pubs I know do have outdoor heating lamps but they are not obliged to have them. 4) Smokers are sometimes treated as second class citizens. There have been occasions where I was smoking outdoors and was given verbal abuse for doing so. 5) The manageress in a local pub I went to, now closed, wether due to the smoking ban or not I can't say for sure, said 'The types of people who want a smoking ban don't come to this pub anyway.' 5) Ultimately I feel the current government is 'wrapping us up in cotton wool' so to speak. They're always telling us what we should or should not do, what we should eat, what we should drink. This has to stop. We live in a democracy and have a right to make our own decisions. Yours, I'll be sure to do that Tigon ;p Btw this isn't a debate the email is being sent whatever.
I need advice regarding writing my business plan? I am writing a business plan for a website that I am developing. The website will be free to access and my intentions are that once I establish an effective stream of traffic, I will generate income through advertising & corporate sponsorship. My business plan is mostly completed, however after reviewing the section describing my products and services, I find that I bounce back and fourth a lot between describing the free information service I will offer and the advertising that I will be selling. For example, when describing my analysis of competitive position, do I explain the comptetitive reasons why visitors will use my site, or why advertisers will want to purchase ads within the site? (or a little of both?) I want my business plan to be my road map and score card in achieving my goals, but I also realize that I may require it to one day to achieve finiancing, loans, investors etc. I want investors to know why the service will be so effective drawing in visitors as well as how much advertising and the types of advertisers I will be targeting; which is why I describe both the free service in the site and the advertising revenue potential. Should I focus on simply discussing the advertising as my product and leave the other information for other areas of the plan, or is it acceptable to describe the free information service as well in this capacity? Any insight, comments or feedback would be greatly appreciated.
Is tycoon cash flow a scam or legit way to make extra money online? My wife showed me a video on YouTube of a kid talking to his mother. Real popular video with 31,000,000 views. On the corner was an add for a way to make money. Claiming that the "system" can earn you $3500 a week or some crazy number. I went to the page to satisfy my wife who asks me "why can't you convert your online time to income?" so that was a link to tycoon cash flow. I don't know what to think of this program. It asks you for like, $49 to start which is not a lot of money but right now that $50 seems like a lot to us (the economy in Vegas sucks worse than the rest of the country) and so i am really skeptical to pay it. It doesn't seem like it's mlm (multiple level marketing AKA pyramid scheme) and claims to be a program that anyone could in theory do for free if they had the know how. What they "sell" you is 14 videos that explain how to place ads to drive traffic to products you do not sell but you make a comission from a second party selling the product It does promise huge profits though. That I am very wary of. There is no get rich quick system. I read a review that was titles "tycoon cash flow SCAM" but then said that it makes money! Talk about confusing. The review says that it will generate Income but definitely not as fast as the creators imply. Then I get an email from the same site (the main tycoon cash flow site) after I did not "act now!!" and purchase at first offering me a FREE course because I am their "friend" (haha!) and it is about six long pages that do seem full of info but no demands to "buy now!" Has anyone tried this? I am a computer "nerd" and have been online since 1995 or so. Don't need to take any wooden nickles but i do want to have an honest shot at now being cheated and making my utility bills (phone/tv/electric) go away with some extra income. Thanks for reading. I am not affiliated with the program at all. I am not trying to get a hundred replies from ppl that want to sell me their system. I just want some opinions. Thanks again Steven in Las Vegas
AP Calculus review help? NON-CALCULATOR 1. If the region enclosed by the y axis, the line y=2, and the curve y= (squareroot x) is revolved about the y axis, the volume of the solid generated is: a) 32pi/5 b) 16pi/3 c)16pi/5 d)8pi/3 e)pi 2. The area enclosed by the graph of y=x^2+1 and the line y=5 is a)14/3 b)16/3 c)28/3 d)32/3 e)8pi CALCULATOR ALLOWED 3. If y = 2x-8, what is the minimum value of the product xy? a) -16 b)-8 c)-4 d)0 e)2 4. at time t>(or = to) 0, the acceleration of a particle moving on the x axis is a(t)=t+sin(x). At x=0, the velocity of the particle is -2. For what value of t will the velocity of the particle be zero? a)1.02 b)1.48 c)1.85 d)2.81 e)3.14
chemistry practice review for the final help pleasee? 5. Hydrogen cyanide is a poisonous gas. The lethal dose is approximately 300.mg of HCN per kg of air when inhaled. a. If you are in a lab with a floor measuring 19.0 ft X 25 ft with a ceiling height of 9.0 ft and the density of air under normal temperature conditions is .00118g/cm3 what mass of HCN gives the lethal dose? b. If the HCN is formed by the reaction of NaCN with an acid such as H2SO4, what mass of NaCN gives the lethal dose in the room? (The other product in the reaction is Na2SO4. c. HCN forms when synthetic fibers containing Orlon or Acrilan burn. Acrilan has the empirical formula CH2CHCN and burns according to the following equation: CH2CHCN + O2 𐃆 HCN +H2O + CO2 If a rug that measures 16ft X 16ft and contains 52oz of Acrilan fibers per square yard burns, will the lethal dose of HCN be generated in the room if the yield in the reaction is only 48% and the rug is only 25% consumed?
Help with Biology review questions.? I need some help with these bio review questions for my final coming up. I think I have the answers but need some clarification. 1. Given what is known about the minimal essential functions of cellular life, if you could create an artificial cell, which of the following structures must you include? A. cell wall B. ribosome C. mitochondria D. nucleus 2. A type of transport of a solute across a membrane, against its concentration gradient, using protein carriers driven by the expenditure of chemical energy is known as A. osmosis. B. diffusion. C. facilitated transport. D. active transport. 3. The part of a membrane protein that extends through the phospholipid bilayer is primarily composed of amino acids that are A. highly polar. B. negatively charged. C. non-polar. D. water soluble. 4. Reactions that occur spontaneously and release free energy are called _____________ reactions. A. activation B. exergonic C. catabolistic D. endergonic 5.One of the most important coenzymes that accepts electrons/hydrogens is A. NAD+. B. NADH. C. ATP. D. NADPH. 6. Chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by A. phosphate transfer through the plasma membrane. B. the Na+/K+ pump. C. a difference in H+ concentration on the two sides of the mitochondrial membrane. D. osmosis of macromolecules. 7. The chemical 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) is used in the manufacturing of dyes, wood preservatives, explosives, and insect control substances, and as a photographic developer. Products containing DNP are toxic because DNP uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. In a cell exposed to DNP, how many ATP molecules would be generated per molecule of glucose? A. 2 B. 4 C. 36 D. 38 8. . In green plant photosynthesis, the electron donor for the light dependent reaction is A. carbon dioxide. B. oxygen. C. RuBP. D. water. 9. CO2 released without the production of ATP or NADPH is called A. carbon fixation. B.photophosphorylation. C. photorespiration. D. photooxidation. 10. Which of the following statements about transport through phloem is true? A. Transport only occurs from the roots to the shoot. B. The direction of flow can change at different times if the sources and sinks change. C. No energy is required. D. Mostly dissolved starch is transported. Here are the answers I got for them. 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. B
How to Maintain a Variable Frequency Drive? http://www.powtran.net/faq.asp How To Maintain a VFD Do you know how to maintain Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)? Doing so is easier than you might think. By integrating some simple, logical steps into your preventative maintenance program, you can ensure your drives provide many years of trouble-free service. Before looking at those steps, let's quickly review what is a VFD and how it works? A Quick Overview A VFD controls the speed, torque and direction of an AC Induction motor. It takes fixed voltage and frequency AC input and converts it to a variable voltage and frequency AC output. See Training Note "What is a VFD?" for a more detailed description of VFD concepts and operating principles. In very small VFDs, a single power pack unit may contain the converter and inverter. Fairly involved control circuitry coordinates the switching of power devices, typically through a control board that dictates the firing of power components in the proper sequence. A microprocessor or Digital Signal Processor (DSP) meets all the internal logic and decision requirements. From this description, you can see a VFD is basically a computer and power supply. And the same safety and equipment precautions you'd apply to a computer and to a power supply apply here. VFD maintenance requirements fall into three basic categories: keep it clean; keep it dry; and keep the connections tight. Let's look at each of these. Keep it Clean Most VFDs fall into the NEMA 1 category (side vents for cooling airflow) or NEMA 12 category (sealed, dust-tight enclosure). Drives that fall in the NEMA 1 category are susceptible to dust contamination. Dust on VFD hardware can cause a lack of airflow, resulting in diminished performance from heat sinks and circulating fans (Photo 1). Photo 1, Fan Injecting Dust into Drive Enclosure Dust on an electronic device can cause malfunction or even failure. Dust absorbs moisture, which also contributes to failure. Periodically spraying air through the heat sink fan is a good PM measure. Discharging compressed air into a VFD is a viable option in some environments, but typical plant air contains oil and water. To use compressed air for cooling, you must use air that is oil-free and dry or you are likely to do more harm than good. That requires a specialized, dedicated, and expensive air supply. And you still run the risk of generating electrostatic charges (ESD). A non-static generating spray or a reverse-operated ESD vacuum will reduce static build-up. Common plastics are prime generators of static electricity. The material in ESD vacuum cases and fans is a special, non-static generating plastic. These vacuums, and cans of non-static generating compressed air, are available through companies that specialize in static control equipment. Keep it Dry In Photo 2 you can see what happened to a control board periodically subjected to a moist environment. Initially, this VFD was wall-mounted in a clean, dry area of a mechanical room and moisture was not a problem. However, as is often the case, a well-meaning modification led to problems. In this example, an area of the building required a dehumidifier close to the mechanical room. Since wall space was available above the VFD, this is where the dehumidifier went. Unfortunately, the VFD was a NEMA 1 enclosure style (side vents and no seal around the cover). The obvious result was water dripping from the dehumidifier into the drive. In six months, the VFD accumulated enough water to produce circuit board corrosion. Photo 2, Corrosion on Board Traces Caused by Moisture What about condensation? Some VFD manufacturers included a type of "condensation protection" on earlier product versions. When the mercury dipped below 32 degrees Fahrenheit, the software logic would not allow the drive to start. VFDs seldom offer this protection today. If you operate the VFD all day every day, the normal radiant heat from the heatsink should prevent condensation. Unless the unit is in continuous operation, use a NEMA 12 enclosure and thermostatically controlled space heater if you locate it where condensation is likely. Keep Connections Tight While this sounds basic, checking connections is a step many people miss or do incorrectly - and the requirement applies even in clean rooms. Heat cycles and mechanical vibration can lead to sub-standard connections, as can standard PM practices. Retorquing screws is not a good idea, and further tightening an already tight connection can ruin the connection (see Sidebar). Bad connections eventually lead to arcing. Arcing at the VFD input could result in nuisance over voltage faults, clearing of input fuses, or damage to protective components. Arcing at the VFD output could result in over-current faults, or even damage to the power components. Photos 3 and 4 show what can happen. Loose control wiring connections can cause erratic operation. For example, a loose S
can someone help me with advertising question really am confused? 1-Safety features for new car models are compared each year. This information would most likely be compiled by the A. Federal Trade Commission. B. Consumers Union. C. National Advertising Review Board. D. Food and Drug Administration. 2- A 30-minute food program shows the quality of a countertop grill. Viewers phone in during the program to praise the product. This type of show is called a/an _______ program A. interactive media C. integrated B. infomercial D. value-priced 3- An advertisement for a diet drink attempts to satisfy a/an _______ need. A. physical C. esteem B. love D. safety 4- The Federal Trade Commission rules that an ad for a hair-loss product is deceptive. The company ceases airing commercials for the product but doesn’t admit guilt. The company has complied with a _______ order. A. cease-and-desist C. corrective advertising B. consent D. self-regulatory 5. Producers of a talk show wish to air an execution of a criminal to generate discussion of capital punishment. The program isn’t shown, because it violates the standards of the A. Federal Communications Commission. B. National Association of Broadcasters. C. American Association of Advertising Agencies. D. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
help in AP Econ homework please? 1. Which of the following characterizes a public good? a. people who do not pay for the good can be escluded from using it. b. if one person uses the good, it goes not prevent others from using it, c. it is easy to determine who must pay for the good. d. the good is produced by the public sector. e. the good exhibits positive externalities. 2. The sales tax you pay at the local sporting goods store is commonly labeled a: a. progressive tax b. regressive tax c. proportional tax d. excise tax e. tax bracket 3. The free rider problem is associated with a. all market goods b. goods that are exclusionary c. bus transportation d. the production of public goods e. the production of public transportation 4. The ability-to-pay principle of taxation: a. has been declared illegal because it deprives on property without "due process of law" b. suggests that one should pay taxes in proportion to the benefits one derives from public goods and services c. suggests that taxes should vary directly with one's income and wealth d. suggests that taxes should vary inversely with one's income and wealth e. suggests that if you have a job, you should pay for the taxes that fund public goods and services 5. If the demand for a product is perfectly elastic and supply is upsloping, a $1 excise tax per unit on suppliers will: a. not raise price at all b. lower price by $1 c. raise price by more than $1 d. raise price by $1 e. lower price by more than $1 6.The Lorenz curve is used to visualize the: a. progressiveness of the Federal tax system b. degree of inequality in the distribution of income c. degree of discrimination against African-Americans and other ninorities d. percentage of the population which is below the poverty line e. percentage of people without a college education 7. Pollution abatement policies will improve efficiency if the a. marginal cost of abatement is less than the marginal benefit of abatement b. MB of abatement is less than the MC of abatement c. MC of abatement is positive d. MB of abatement is positive e. MC of abatement is zero 8. Private firms will not provide such goods as lighthouses or flood-control projects bc: a. such projects generate harmful spillover effects b. MB invariably fall short of marginal costs in such projects c. they are major sources of revenue for government d. tjere is a free-rider problem associated with these products e. it is impossible to earn a profit from these goods 9. Which of the following is likely to be considered a public good? a. a movie theater in a low-income neighborhood b. an amusement park built on an empty rural lot c. a fireworks display funded by the city d. a catfish pond in a gated community e. a swimming pool in a condo development these are review problems that will count as a quiz grade. there were 150 questions and i just couldn't THINK straight after the first 90 so these are some that i didn't get to. please just type the #then the answer. thank you so much!!
Could anyone else use a ‘Daily_Diet’ food ranking system for the ‘overall’ nutrition of various foods? In trying to develop an easy way to ‘rank’ the total nutrition of various foods so I could more easily establish my daily nutritional plan, I took the time to modify Dr. Joel Fuhrman’s ranking system and generated the list below. >>>>> My question is; does this listing help anyone else who might review this post? <<<<< For me this listing has helped me to stay focused on making better choices in my future than what I have made in my past. Thanks in advance for any insights anyone would offer, or questions if this is confusing to anyone. My best to whoever responds, AI Numeric Total of %DV's/100-calories for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, and Zinc for the ten items totalized. 596 | SPINACH,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/ SALT 571 | SPINACH,RAW 439 | CABBAGE,NAPA,COOKED 403 | CABBAGE,CHINESE (PAK-CHOI),CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 390 | ASPARAGUS,CKD,BLD,DRND 390 | MALABAR SPINACH,COOKED 381 | LETTUCE,COS OR ROMAINE,RAW 376 | TURNIP GRNS,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 376 | PARSLEY,DRIED 374 | NEW ZEALAND SPINACH,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 373 | PARSLEY,RAW 351 | PUMPKIN LEAVES,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 349 | RICE BRAN,CRUDE [FLAWED DATA > vitamins & cals locked into insoluble fiber is not digestible.] 344 | MUSTARD GRNS,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 343 | SPINACH,FRZ,CHOPD OR LEAF,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 339 | SPINACH,CND,NO SALT,SOL&LIQUIDS 336 | CORIANDER LEAF,DRIED 324 | CHICKEN,LIVER,ALL CLASSES,CKD,PAN-FRIED 324 | PARSLEY,FREEZE-DRIED 320 | CORIANDER (CILANTRO) LEAVES,RAW 314 | SOY PROT ISOLATE,PROT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL,PROPLUS 284 | BEEF,VAR MEATS & BY-PRODUCTS,LIVER,CKD,BRSD 280 | OKRA,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 276 | BEANS,KIDNEY,MATURE SEEDS,SPROUTED,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 275 | COLLARDS,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 273 | WHEAT BRAN,CRUDE [FLAWED DATA > vitamins & cals locked into insoluble fiber is not digestible.] 267 | ASPARAGUS,RAW 242 | PUMPKIN FLOWERS,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 224 | KALE,SCOTCH,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 216 | CELERY,RAW 211 | BROCCOLI,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 201 | CAULIFLOWER,RAW 188 | GRAPE LEAVES,CND 186 | ALFALFA SEEDS,SPROUTED,RAW 184 | BROCCOLI,RAW 184 | SQUASH,SMMR,ZUCCHINI,INCL SKN,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 179 | BEANS,NAVY,MATURE SEEDS,SPROUTED,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 177 | GRAPE LEAVES,RAW 173 | BRUSSELS SPROUTS,FRZ,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 167 | CELERY,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 164 | LETTUCE,ICEBERG (INCL CRISPHEAD TYPES),RAW 149 | PEPPERS,SWT,GRN,RAW 143 | SAUERKRAUT,CND,LO NA 138 | PUMPKIN,RAW 136 | LEMONS,RAW,WITH PEEL 136 | TOMATOES,RED,RIPE,CKD 128 | BEEF,VAR MEATS&BY-PRODUCTS,HEART,CKD,SIMMRD 127 | BEETS,RAW 126 | YOGURT,PLN,SKIM MILK,13 GRAMS PROT PER 8 OZ 124 | CABBAGE,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 123 | PUMPKIN,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 123 | PEAS,GRN,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 121 | MILK,NONFAT,FLUID,WO/ VIT A (FAT FREE OR SKIM) 121 | CUCUMBER,WITH PEEL,RAW 119 | MILK,DRY,NONFAT,REG,WO/ VIT A 119 | BEANS,SNAP,GRN,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 113 | LENTILS,MATURE SEEDS,CKD,BLD,WO/SALT 112 | COWPEAS,COMMON (BLKEYES,CRWDR,STHRN),MTURE,CKD,BLD,WO/SALT 106 | BF,CHUCK,SHLDR CLOD,TOP & CNTR ,STK,LN,0" FAT,SEL,CKD,GRLD 100 | LEMON PEEL,RAW 95 | TURKEY,FRYER-ROASTERS,BREAST,MEAT ONLY,CKD,RSTD 95 | TURNIPS,RAW 94 | CHICKEN,BROILERS OR FRYERS,BREAST,MEAT ONLY,CKD,RSTD 92 | SUNFLOWER SD KRNLS,DRIED 91 | CARROTS,RAW 89 | MULBERRIES,RAW 86 | CHICKEN,BROILERS OR FRYERS,LT MEAT,MEAT ONLY,CKD,RSTD 85 | BEANS,NAVY,MATURE SEEDS,CKD,BLD,WO/SALT 85 | SOYBEANS,MATURE CKD,BLD,WO/SALT 82 | SALMON,PINK,CKD,DRY HEAT 81 | BEANS,KIDNEY,ALL TYPES,MATURE SEEDS,CKD,BLD,WO/SALT 81 | BEEF,TENDERLOIN,LN,0"FAT,CHOIC,CKD,BRLD 80 | SEEDS,FLAXSEED 77 | LIMA BNS,LRG,MATURE SEEDS,CKD,BLD,WO/SALT 76 | FLATFISH (FLOUNDER&SOLE SP),CKD,DRY HEAT 74 | CHICKEN,BROILERS OR FRYERS,BREAST,MEAT&SKN,CKD,RSTD 74 | STRAWBERRIES,RAW 73 | LEMONS,RAW,WITHOUT PEEL 72 | BLACKBERRIES,RAW 72 | MILK,WHL,3.25% MILKFAT 64 | ONIONS,RAW 63 | RASPBERRIES,RAW 62 | FISH,TILAPIA,CKD,DRY HEAT 61 | CORN,SWT,YEL,CKD,BLD,DRND,WO/SALT 61 | OATS 61 | WHEAT,HARD RED SPRING 60 | PEANUTS,SPANISH,RAW 59 | ORANGE JUC,FRZ CONC,UNSWTND,UNDIL 58 | ORANGES,RAW,FLORIDA 58 | CHEESE,COTTAGE,LOWFAT,1% MILKFAT,NO NA 58 | EGG,WHL,CKD,HARD-BOILED 57 | ORANGE JUC,CND,UNSWTND 57 | PAPAYAS,RAW 56 | LOUIS RICH,TURKEY BREAST (OVEN RSTD,PORTION FAT FREE) 53 | MOLASSES [FLAWED DATA > high iron content is largely toxic metallic iron from production pots.] 52 | CEREALS,QUAKER,MOTHER'S INST OATMEAL (NON-FORTIFIED),DRY 50 | BANANAS,RAW 50 | POTATOES,BLD,CKD WO/ SKN,FLESH,WO/ SALT 50 | BURGER KING, WHOPPER, no cheese 49 | BARLEY FLOUR OR MEAL 46 | CHEESE,LOW-SODIUM,CHEDDAR OR COLBY 46 | SWEET POTATO,CKD,BLD,WO/ SKN 46 | PIZZA HUT 12" CHS PIZZA,THIN 'N CRISPY CRUST 45 | RICE,BROWN,LONG-GRAIN,CKD 44 | PEACHES,RAW 42 | BRAZILNUTS,DRIED,UNBLANCHED 39 | PEANUT BUTTER,SMOOTH STYLE,W/SALT 38 | STOUFFER'S LN CUISINE CHICK & VEG W/ VERMICELLI,FRZ ENTRÉE 38 | FAST FOODS,SUBMARINE SNDWCH,W/TUNA SALAD 31 | GRAPES,RED OR GRN (EURO TYPE,SUCH AS THOMPSON SEEDLESS),RAW 30 | BLUEBERRIES,RAW 27 | PLUMS,DRIED (PRUNES),UNCKD 27 | OLIVES,RIPE,CND (SMALL-EXTRA LRG) 26 | ICE CREAMS,VANILLA 26 | CEREALS RTE,KASHI GOLEAN CRUNCH! BY KELLOGG 24 | CRANBERRIES,RAW 24 | COOKIES,OATMEAL,COMMLY PREP,REG 23 | ICE CREAMS,FRENCH VANILLA,SOFT-SERVE 23 | CRANBERRY JUC,UNSWTND 23 | CANDIES,MASTERFOODS USA,SNICKERS BAR 22 | PIE,PUMPKIN,COMMLY PREP 22 | SPAGHETTI,DRY,UNENRICHED 22 | MACARONI,DRY,UNENRICHED 21 | COOKIES,SUGAR,PREP FROM RECIPE,MADE W/MARGARINE 20 | PEARS,RAW 20 | AVOCADOS,RAW,FLORIDA 19 | COOKIES,SUGAR,REFR DOUGH,BKD 19 | APPLES,RAW,WITH SKIN 19 | APPLE JUC,CND OR BTLD,UNSWTND,WO/ VIT C 18 | CANDIES,SWEET CHOCOLATE 11 | COCONUT CRM,RAW (LIQ EXPRESSED FROM GRATED MEAT) 10 | ALCOHOLIC BEV,BEER,LT,BUD LT 8 | CANDIES,MASTERFOODS USA,3 MUSKETEERS BAR 1 | BUTTER,WITH SALT 1 | ALCOHOLIC BEV,DISTILLED,WHISKEY,86 PROOF 0 | OIL,OLIVE,SALAD OR COOKING 0 | SUGARS,GRANULATED Nutrient | 100%DV amounts *Calcium | 1000 - mg *Iron | 18 - mg *Magnesium | 400 - mg *Phosphorus | 1000 - mg Potassium | 3500 - mg Sodium | 2400 - mg *Zinc | 15 - mg Copper | 2 - mg Manganese | 2 - mg Selenium | 70 - mcg Vit C | 60 - mg *Thiamine-Vit B2 | 1.5 - mg *Riboflavin-Vit B3 | 1.7 - mg *Niacin-Vit B4 | 20 - mg Pantothenic_acid-Vit B6 | 10 - mg *Vit B6-Pyridoxine | 2 - mg *Folate-Vit B10 | 400 - mcg Vit B12 | 6 - mcg Vit A | 250 - mcg Vit E | 30 - mg Vit K | 80 - mcg * - Total of %DV's/100-calories of Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, and Zinc for the ten items totalized. Excerpts from Dr. Fuhrman’s listing are given below. Dr. Fuhrman’s - Food Score Listing <> i.e. The ANDI Scale - Aggregate Nutrient Density Index <> 1000 <|> Kale 1000 <|> Watercress 876 <|> Collards 853 <|> Spinach 803 <|> Bok Choy 672 <|> Brussels sprouts 670 <|> Swiss chard 559 <|> Arugula 554 <|> Radish 452 <|> Romaine 444 <|> Bean sprouts 420 <|> Red peppers 412 <|> Boston lettuce 376 <|> Broccoli 334 <|> Artichoke 329 <|> Cabbage 295 <|> Cauliflower 295 <|> Green Pepper 273 <|> Carrots 269 <|> Asparagus 245 <|> Strawberry 236 <|> Salsa 193 <|> Pomegranate juice 187 <|> Tomato 178 <|> Blackberries 157 <|> Plums 150 <|> Blueberries 145 <|> Raspberries 118 <|> Papaya 116 <|> Brazil nuts 109 <|> Oranges 100 <|> Cantaloupe 87 <|> Apple 84 <|> Peach 81 <|> Kidney Beans 80 <|> Green Beans 80 <|> Green Beans 77 <|> Sweet Potato 77 <|> Soybeans 74 <|> Pineapple 71 <|> Salmon 71 <|> Tofu 69 <|> Lentils 63 <|> Walnuts 62 <|> Sunflower Seeds 59 <|> Mango 53 <|> Oatmeal 51 <|> White Potato 51 <|> Shrimp 38 <|> Avocado 35 <|> Banana 35 <|> Corn 32 <|> Macadamia 31 <|> Chicken 31 <|> Whole Wheat Bread 30 <|> Low Fat Yogurt 27 <|> Eggs 26 <|> Feta Cheese 25 <|> Whole Milk 19 <|> Whole wheat pasta, cooked 18 <|> Plain Bagel 17 <|> Apple Juice 17 <|> Amer. Cheese 17 <|> Turkey, ground 17 <|> Cheese Pizza 16 <|> Roast Beef Sandwich, w/cheese 14 <|> Tuna Salad Sub Sandwich 14 <|> Cheeseburger, w/bun 13 <|> Pretzels 12 <|> French Fries 12 <|> Potato Chips 11 <|> Chicken Fillet Sandwich 10 <|> Blueberry Muffin 8 <|> Van. Ice Cream 8 <|> Beef Hot Dog 7 <|> Chocolate Cake 6 <|> Jelly Doughnut 2 <|> Olive oil 0.6 <|> Cola “ANDI scores are calculated by evaluating an extensive range of food factors, including vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and antioxidants capacities, based on an equal number of calories for each food. After completing the calculations, foods are ranked on a numerical scale of 1 to 1000, with the highest nutrient foods given a score of 1000.” A complete description of how ANDI scores are calculated appears in Dr. Fuhrman’s two-book set, “Eat for Health.” From Dr. Fuhrman’s two-book set, “Eat for Health,”the following are the considerations that were used to calculate Dr. Fuhrman’s “Nutrient Scoring Method,” that is currently patent pending. The %RDI’s for each calorie where calculated for those elements that are established, and were ‘estimated’ for those that are not established for each of the following elements: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, and Zinc AND Caratenoids, Beta-Carotene, Alpha-Carotene, Lutein & Zeaxanthin, Lycopene, Fiber, Glucosinolates Iron, Selenium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, plus ORAC score X 2 (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity is a method of measuring the anti-oxidant capacity or radical scavenging capacity of foods.) Unfortunately I could not use Dr. Fuhrman’s listing since it is skewed to rank high glycemic fruits higher than green beans, which is much higher than ‘I’ think they should-be ranked, especially since I must not eat fruits due to my past diabetes and present pruritus diseases. Also, my list can be used to make a good calculation of one’s combined %DV’s whenever the numbers are multiplied by a food’s calorie- amounts. For instance, by eating 100 calories of boiled spinach would give me an approximated amount of 59.6 %DV for each of the ten nutrients. Or by eating 100 calories of boiled lentils would give me an approximated amount of 11.3 %DV for each of the ten nutrients. For me, using a list like this is a simple way of trying to get my %DV’s each day so I need never be concerned about the efficacy of sometimes(?)- toxic synthetic supplements. Readily verifiable nutritional research has shown that when people eat ALL their foods that have less micro-nutrition per calorie than whole milk, or approximately 72 percentage points per hundred calories, they will invariably become very sickly over time with various organ failures similar to what occurred to myself or anyone with pellagra scurvy or beriberi; while those who would eat considerable calories above that of sauerkraut at 143 percentage points from organic foods without added chemicals – these should remain the healthiest strongest and most productive for a lifetime. Also, from those who would develop pellagra scurvy or beriberi from diets of sweet-corn wheat-flour or polished-rice, their average percentage points per 100 calories consumed likely did not exceed 61. Dr. Fuhrman’s listing compiled from: http://www.peertrainer.com/diet/nutrient_density.html AND http://www2.eatrightamerica.com/library/category/default.aspx?article_id=587 OR http://www2.eatrightamerica.com/store/products/Default.aspx?pid=1 I hope these efforts might have helped others. A1 [(-:] PS1 - I currently feel that what Dr. Fuhrman MD teaches is the best nutritional information available in the nation. http://www.diseaseproof.com/archives/cat-low-carb-high-protein.html http://www.nutritiondata.com/facts/vegetables-and-vegetable-products/2627/2 http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=43 http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ http://www.foodnews.org/index.php
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Help in English! Which of the sentences are correct? I'm reviewing a scientific paper and I have some doubts about the English used in the text. In the sentences bellow I wonder to know if the articles "an" and "a" used after "such" are correct, and if the word "stalls", meaning "generating low progress" is appropriate. "The motivation for proposing such an idea came from the numerical observation that original updating stalls for some problems. By improving the quality of the approximations such a drawback was overcome." Finally I would like to know which sentence is more used or correct in formal English: "What is more" or "Moreover", "by-product" or "consequence", "spent CPU time" or "CPU time spent". Thank you very much!!! I know that "an" is typically used if the next word begins with a vowel, my question is if after "such" we should use the article or not, especially the "a" before "drawback".
I need some help on these bio questions.? 1.Know the locations of each of the steps of cellular respiration and photosynthesis. 2.Know the reactants and products of each step of cellular respiration and photosynthesis. 3.Which steps of cellular respiration are anaerobic, which aerobic. How many net ATP from each step and how many total ATP from one glucose molecule? 4.Summarize the major functions of each step of cellular respiration and photosynthesis. 5.Be able to trace the flow of electrons through CR and P. 6.Know what happens to energy and to atoms in both processes. 7.What are electron transport chains and where are they located in eukaryotes? 8.Describe how ATP is actually generated during CR and P. 9.What is fermentation? When and why does it occur? What are the 2 main types? 10. Which wavelengths of light are most absorbed by green plants? Which are least absorbed. How does this relate to photosynthesis? 11.Describe the effect of different factors on the rate of photosynthesis in autotrophs. 12.Autotrophs vs. heteotrophs: What? And what are some examples. 13.Describe and explain the significance of Englemann’s experiment with aerobic bacteria. 14.Distinguish between an absorption spectrum and an action spectrum. 15.Draw, label, and explain the parts of a chloroplast and a mitochondrion. 16.Describe the relationship between CR and P. 17.What is rubisco? Where does it occur? Explain the problem with rubisco and photorespiration. Which type of photosynthetic pathway (C4, C3, or CAM) is most prone to photorespiration? 18.Distinguish between and give examples of the following types of plants: CAM, C4, C3. Why are these different pathways necessary? 19.What is the significance of photolysis? When/where does it occur? 20.Be able to identify the equations for both CR and P. 21.Describe the lab procedures that we used (spectrophotometry and chromatography). 22.How do chemiosmosis, oxidative phosphorylation, and electron transport all work together? 23.Compare and contrast photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. 24.How/where do other foods besides glucose enter the process of cellular respiration? 25.What are the roles and locations of the following carrier molecules: NAD, FAD, NADP. 26.Review the media quiz questions on the website and the self-quiz questions at the end of the chapters Any help is appreciated
Tech/ Engineering review questions(10 Points)? 1.A manufacturer needs to purchase the correct amount of steel to produce 1000 of the same steel parts. What mass property would the designer need to know? a.Mass b.Surface area c.Volume d.Density 2.What type of constraints are Parallel, Tangent, and Coincident examples of? a.Assembly b.Geometric c.Numeric d.Dimension 3.An engineer identified six possible solutions to a problem and wanted to compare them on the basis of cost, complexity, and development time. What type of analysis tool would the engineer use to compare and rate these ideas? a.Design Process b.Decision Matrix c.Choice Tablet d.Gantt chart5/13 4.What type of modeling system is used to generate part models and annotate working drawings? a.CAD b.CNC c.CIM d.CAM 5.What principle of design is represented by repeated and equally spaced openings? a.Proportion b.Rhythm c.Balance d.Subordination 6.An engineer needs to select a material for the redesign of a product that reduces its size and weight and increases the strength of the product. Which of the following properties should be considered? a.Aesthetic b.Functional c.Mechanical d.Thermal 7.A product design company is analyzing a competitor’s new product to determine if the design can be improved or made more efficiently. Which of the following terms best describes the process the design company is using? a.Industrial espionage b.Reverse engineering c.Concurrent engineering d.Market research 8.What term best identifies improvements in products that already exist? a.Serendipity b.Innovation c.Invention d.Design
unit 1 economics review for exam 10 points for best answer? 1. What is the opportunity cost of a decision? (1 point) the series of alternative decisions that could have been made the best possible way the question could have been decided the different ways that a different person might have made the decision the most desirable alternative given up for the decision 2. What is the purpose of competition? (1 point) to act as a regulating force in the marketplace to cause producers to attempt to put each other out of business to cause buyers to have to be careful about spending their money to act as a motivating force behind the free market 3. What incentive motivates a manufacturer to sell a product? (1 point) making profits on sales putting others out of business pleasing the consumer popularity of the product 4. All of the following are types of decisions that can be made at the margin EXCEPT (1 point) whether to grow beans or corn on a large farm. whether or not to hire 100 new workers. whether to leave early in the morning or late in the day for a trip. whether or not to go on a vacation. 5. Which of the following is a critical rule for determining whether something is a public good? (1 point) The benefit to each individual who uses the facility is greater than the cost. The benefits of the facility are greater for the society than for the individuals using it. The total benefits to society are greater than the total cost. The total cost is small for each individual taxpayer. 6. What best describes the role of government in a free enterprise system? (1 point) Control business activities. Decide what companies will be formed and then allow the managers to run them. Allow individuals to operate their businesses in ways they think will maximize their profits. Require companies to disclose information to consumers. 7. The government of a country must make a decision between increasing military spending and subsidizing wheat farmers. This kind of decision is a (1 point) guns or butter issue. decision at the margin. global trade-off. basic economic decision. 8. What is one benefit provided by Social Security? (1 point) medical care for the indigent cash transfers to workers injured on the job compensation for all who lose jobs retirement income for the elderly 9. The resources used to make all goods and services are the (1 point) production possibilities. factors of production. production trade-offs. opportunity costs. 10. What is positive externality? (1 point) a way to generate trade that will benefit people who are from other countries an economic side effect that generates unexpected benefits a cash flow that will benefit both the government and the businesses who interact with it an extra payment to welfare recipients 11. What is a factory building an example of? (1 point) human capital physical capital an economic trade-off technology 12. Which of the following is NOT a key economic question? (1 point) What goods and services should be produced? How should these goods and services be produced? Who consumes these goods and services? How should it be ensured that goods and services are paid for? 13. Production possibilities frontiers curve when they are charted on a graph because they show (1 point) the underutilization of resources. the maximum output of goods and services. the increasing costs resulting in increasingly less output. the technological level of the economy's productivity. 14. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a centrally planned economy? (1 point) The central government owns all land and capital. The central government makes all economic decisions. Each collective or factory sets its own goals. Each person is assigned a job. 15. Which of the following is NOT an example of a public good? (1 point) shopping malls national parks highways municipal libraries 16. What does the process of specialization do for an economy? (1 point) It makes it more efficient. It eliminates unemployment. It fosters competition. It makes it easier to control. 17. What is the function of an economic system? (1 point) to make sure all people have equal access to goods to produce and distribute goods and services to give all producers the same access to consumers to make sure people are paid for their labor 18. What is the struggle among various producers for the consumer's business called? (1 point) socialism competition incentive self-regulation 19. Why does even a free market economy need some government intervention? (1 point) to provide for things that the marketplace does not address to ensure that the government has the freedom to tax as necessary to make sure that the government can fulfill its needs for military personnel so that the government has some control over factory resources 20. Who decided what the farmers would produce on Soviet collectives? (1 point) the farmers the military the governmen
Please review my biology questions and correct any errors I made. Thanks!? I have a bunch of questions I have answered. Just want to make sure everything is correct. If I have made an error please note which question number and what you feel the correct answer should be. Thanks! 1. Chemical reactions that will occur only if there is an addition of energy are said to be: Answered- endergonic 2. A metabolic reaction that has two parts- one reaction that releases energy and one reaction that requires energy to be completed is said to be a(an): Answered: coupled reaction 3. The metabolism (breakdown) of ________ in the mitochondria provides the energy for the resphosphorylation of ADP. Answered: glucose 4. ATP contains: Answered: adenine, ribose, and three phosphates 5. Facilitated diffusion is not used for ATP by the body's cells. Answered: True 6. Most enzymes are: Answered: protein molecules 7. Most of the body's cells use a great amount of ATP daily Answered: but lare amounts of ATP are not stored by the body because we contantly re-generate ATP from ADP + phosphate 8. If A>>B>>C>>D>>E>>F represents a metabolic pathway, then the letter F would represent? Answered: End product 9. Which of the following is NOT true about enzymes? Answered: They provide the energy for many cellular reactions. 10. The combination of an enzyme and the substance it will act upon (catalyze) is called the: Answered: active site 11. Which of the following is ot an enzyme? Answered: maltose 12. What occurs when electrons are lost during a chemical reaction? Answered oxidation 13. What are the end products of aerobic cellular respiration? Answered: carbon dioxide and water 14. What are the reactants in the overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration? Answered: oxygen and glucose 15. Glycolysis occurs? Answered: in the matrix of the mitochonria 16. The final acceptor fore hydrogen ions in aerobic cellular respiration is? Answered: oxygen 17. Most of the ATP of aerobic cellular respiration is produced by? Answered: the electron transport system 18. Our muscles will undergo fermentation and produce lactic acid when: Answered: No oxygen is available 19. Which process occurs in the cristae of the mitochondra? Answered: electron transport system 20. Another term for an exergonic reaction is: Answered: catabolic True/False 21. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions-but are not changed in the process Answered: true 22. When an organized system experiences entrophy- it will become less organized- and ultimately less stable. Answered: true 23. ATP is necessary to accomplish the chemical work of protein synthesis. Answered: true 24. An oxygen debt accumulates when lactic acid builds up in the muscles during strenuous exercise. Answered: true 25. Fermentation is an aerobic process. Answered: false 26. Decreasing the activation energy of a particular reaction means that it will require more energy to complete that reaction. Answered: false 27. Even if enzymes denature- they can still act as catalysts. Answered: false 28. Reduction reactions are defined as rections where electrons are gained by the system. Answered: true 29. In the process of cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced. Answered true 30. Most enzymes funtion best at a pH of about 7. Answered: true 31. The "stored" energy in a molecule like glucose: answered- ATP 32 Referred to as the energy of motion: answered: kinetic energy 33. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed: answered: 1st law of thermodynamics 34. Organized systems tend to disorganize and lose energy over time: answered: 2nd law of therm 35. The energy "currency" of all cells: answered: Potential energy 36. Glucose actually splits into two 3-carbon molecules of PGAL answered: Glycolysis 37. Produces lactic acid in animal cells and alcohol and carbon dioxide in certain bacterial cells. Answered: Fermentation 38. Receives 2 molecules of Acetyl CoA and releases 4 molecules of carbon dioxide and 2 ATP's Answered: Krebs Cycle 39. Pyruvic acid is converted ton Acetyl CoA and moves into the mitochondria Answered: Transition Reaction 40. Carrier molecules move electrons from high energy to low energy levels in this process Answered: Electron Transport System I reversed #31 and #35 answers
Is the democrat party an enemy of America? We see democrats invade and trash state capitals, riot against opponents of government union workers, promote an education system that is a total failure (compared to other industrial nations), kowtow and bow down to every type of dictator in the world, spend us into financial oblivion -- and now they're trying to shut down web news, talk radio and Fox News: -11/18/10 Fox News: Democrat Senator Jay Rockefeller urges FCC to shut down Fox News. -3/22/11, The Blaze: “They [the Tea Partyers) don’t deserve the freedoms that are in the Constitution, but we’ll give it to anyway.” Democrat Senator Lautenberg. -1/7/11 CBS News: President Obama is planning to hand the U.S. Commerce Department authority over a forthcoming cybersecurity effort to create an Internet ID for Americans. And recently: 6/2/11 Washington Examiner: "Documents show FCC coordinated 'Net Neutrality' effort with outside group" The evidence of coordination between FCC Democrats and Free Press uncovered by Judicial Watch includes: -Emails between former Free Press president John Silver and Democratic FCC Commissioner Michael Copps from October 2010, coordinating "how we'd like to proceed during these next three months on NN [net neutrality]." -Documents summarizing a phone call between Silver and Copps in which, before an FCC vote on the proposal in November 2010, Silver "emphasized that a strong net neutrality rule is critical to preserving the Internet as a vibrant forum for speech, commerce, innovation and cultural expression." -Correspondence between FCC Special Counsel David Tannenbaum and Free Press Policy Director Ben Scott coordinating speakers for a taxpayer-funded series of FCC "internet workshops" that were intended to generate public support for the proposal. Free Press was co-founded by Monthly Review editor Robert McChesney and the Nation contributor John Nichols. The Monthly Review is "an independent Marxist journal," while the Nation has long described itself as "the flagship of the left." Free Press is partially funded by George Soros' Open Society Institute. In April 2010, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia ruled that the FCC did not have the legal authority to regulate the Internet. Despite this ruling, in December the FCC voted 3-2, along party lines, to begin the Net Neutrality regulation process anyway. It is only because of web news, talk radio and Fox News that we are learning about the degree to which democrats are destroying America. Clearly, that’s why they want to shut us up. They don’t want us to see the true face of the democrat party, as represented by their modern hero, FDR, to wit: 1/11/44, FDR’s address to Congress: We have accepted, so to speak, a second Bill of Rights under which a new basis of security and prosperity can be established for all—regardless of station, race, or creed. Among these are: The right to a useful and remunerative job in the industries or shops or farms or mines of the nation; The right to earn enough to provide adequate food and clothing and recreation; The right of every farmer to raise and sell his products at a return which will give him and his family a decent living; The right of every businessman, large and small, to trade in an atmosphere of freedom from unfair competition and domination by monopolies at home or abroad; The right of every family to a decent home; The right to adequate medical care and the opportunity to achieve and enjoy good health; The right to adequate protection from the economic fears of old age, sickness, accident, and unemployment; The right to a good education. The democrats “second bill of rights” is socialism, pure and simple: a command economy controlled by elite democrats. (2/4/10 Gallup poll: 61% of liberals have a positive view of socialism) I'm reaching a point where, when I hear the word "democrat," I can't help but think of the word "traitor."
Can you review my resume? I'm looking to apply with a local PBS station and have created my resume, but want to get your opinion on anything that should be changed. I don't have a college education, so I am not including an education section. (I've changed a few of the personal details for this post, also some of the formatting may be lost in this post) Video Editor ~ Videographer ~ Writer ~ Producer -Over 10 years’ experience in all aspects of video production. -Extensive background in writing and overseeing projects to completion. -Dedicated and driven to succeed at the highest level on all projects. -Featured in Rolling Stone Magazine. -Ability to develop world-class solutions to real world challenges. -Able to generate cutting edge ideas that translate to winning projects. -Outstanding interpersonal, motivational and presentation skills. -Pioneer of streaming video online with over 10 million views. -Team Player with polished communication skills. SKILLS Proficient in both Windows and Macintosh environments with competent to expert level command of the following: Editing Software - Avid Express with Mojo – Avid Symphony – Avid Media Composer – Adobe Premiere – Final Cut Pro Software Applications - Adobe Photoshop – Adobe After Effects – Adobe Encore DVD – - Boris Red/FX – Sorenson – Vela MPEG Card – Twixtor Pro - Main Concept MPEG Encoder - Windows Media Encoder – Quicktime Encoder – Flash Video Encoder Production Equipment - Sony Beta Cams – Sony XDCams – Panasonic AG-HPX Series Cameras – Canon XL1S - QTV Prompters – UHF-VHF Mics – Boom Mics – Grip Kits – Lighting Packages - Camera Dollies & Jibs SELECTED EMPLOYMENT HISTORY John Doe Productions, Anywhere, USA (2007-Present) Owner / Sales Consultant •Founded company that creates music videos and commercials for clients. •Services provided in the metropolitan area while creating new and fresh ideas for clients while staying on time and on budget. •Collaborated with clients and fellow team members to create unique and original projects. •Responsibilities include writing scripts and shot lists, on set direction and producing, post-production editing and effects, promotion and publicity. Jane Doe Films, Anywhere, USA (2005-2007) Assistant Editor / Script Supervisor / Producer •Edited using Avid systems while integrating graphics, animation and voice-overs. •Coordinated multiple projects simultaneously in deadline-driven environments. •Produced and wrote content for clients. •Delivered final product to stations or clients on DVD, tape or web application.
can someone help with my resume?? plzz? William R Gressock 3854 East 59th Street Cleveland, Ohio 44105 Willgressock@yahoo.com 777-297-5602 Profile: I am a young professional looking to continue a career in the banking industry. In my past experiences I worked as a teller and an assistant teller supervisor. I have proven myself to be a great asset to any retail bank branch by continuously exceeding sales and customer service expectations, as well as generating and maintaining new client relationships. Skills: *Two years experience in a fast paced retail bank *Advanced math and problem solving skills *Great customer service and sales skills *Strong knowledge of banks products and services *Experienced in handling telephone and in person complaints/inquiries *Able to work well under pressure *Familiar with atm maintenance and problem resolutions *Experienced in collections, and opening/closing accounts Related Experience: Ohio Catholic Federal Teller Garfield Heights, Ohio During my employment with OCF, I was awarded as a "star teller" by exceeding expectations and maintaining a 0 outage level. Recieved several nominations for 212degree award by going out of my way and taking initiative toward a specific situation or event *Process mail and atm transactions *Assist in counting cash vault and atm *Process teller transactions *Retail Sales / Support *Handle telephone inquires *Resolve member issues *Renew/close member C.D's *Complete tasks delegated by Head Teller *Process merchant deposits *Operate drive through window US Bank Teller/Assistant Teller Supervisor Garfield Heights, Ohio *Open Branch and follow safety procedure *Disarm and open branch cash vault *Maintain and Monitor cash vault *Order cash and supplies as needed *Recover overdrafted accounts *Assist platform when needed, opening/closing accounts *Develop new sales strategies and contests for customers *Perform teller transactions *Handle customer complaints and issues via phone, email, and in person *Generate and maintain new checking accounts *Meet Sales goals *Process and balance atm daily *Review and file daily reports References: Britini L. Draper bank teller 777-780-0779 Colette Berdysz bank teller 777-280-9245 Jesika Mccarthy customer service supervisor 777-394-9394 ok this is my resume it looks more professional in microsoft word but im wondering wat is wrong with it? i have alot of exp and i send it out alot but i never get anywhere...? thank you and none of that contact information is correct, lol i changed it all around. i dont need yahoo creepers stalking me and friends
Developing private sector whilst retaining a public sector is key for the socialist growth model of Sri Lanka? Without encountering a Marxist/Capitalist argument can we review businesses in the SME and repackage where possible items such as the textile shops and crafts enterprises that have a built in tourist base and are currently suffering from the lack of tourism (being a short-term crisis) whilst promoting a limited number of mid to large scale privaye enterprises such as the medical college. It is a waste of retail space, trained and qualified staff and profit generating public enterprise to not allow a recovery period along with a commercial repackaging option for existing state-owned businesses. We do not want to waste money in tear-down and rebuild if new products, services and image can restore and grow a business. It is also key to remember that many returning visitors frequent these shops specifically because of personal relationship development and the knowledge that these enterprises offer the goods that they historically purchase. http://www.sundaytimes.lk/090329/News/sundaytimesnews_20.html I have mentioned prior a social contract between Government and The People. We as a Democratic Socialist Republic have the responsibility of providing employment, especially during lean times. I believe that the IMF is out of its purview in shutting down valuable tourism based industries without considering the very reasonablly priced revamps that can polish their lost lustre and increase sales, such as creating new profit generating departments that are cost-effective, modern and internationally accesible. For I am of the opinion that Brandix can fend for itself in the export market while the little guys that support macro-business cannot be forced to fall for they feed many sectors of our local population and we can as esily as the IMF change concept and save ourselves the cost of tear down/rebuild/vacancy. Its all a little too American for us. There are many things American that we like but this is not one of them.
Where can I learn about the engineering of a wind turbine setup capable of producing 110V AC current? I am exploring the idea of building a wind turbine to generate household current. My goal is not to go "off grid", but to find out if it would be cost effective to generate any portion of my electricity needs. I have already checked and I have no zoning restrictions from mounting a tower. I know that there are commercial products one can purchase but I started my educational career as an Electrical Engineering major 20 years ago and I would much rather try to learn about what it takes to actually do this than buy a packaged solution first. My plan is: 1. Learn about concepts 2. Design a solution 3. Research equipment 4. Perform cost/benefit analysis I've been searching for a site and all I can find is sites that either sell stuff or have high school science experiment level stuff that can light up flashlight bulbs. I know that when you are talking about 110VAC/10A level power you are in a whole different world. I never got into the power classes before I switched majors but I think I can handle the concepts if I find a good source to read. (BTW...I have access to 2 EE's I can ask questions of if I get stuck who will be reviewing my design. They don't know any sites, though both have offered their college textbooks "if that will help." They've offered to teach me but I would rather do some of the leg work myself first.) Thanks for any help provided. Thanks for the help thus far. Answering additional questions, I live about 30 miles from the Gulf of Mexico in Texas. We have steady winds in the teens and steady winds exceeding 25 knots are not unusual. While I could theoretically sell excess, between the 4 computer systems we have running at all times, the air conditioner, 2 refrigerators plus frequent washer & dryer usage (we have 3 kids) my preference is to tie this into my home wiring such that when winds are blowing I simply draw less electricity from the grid. I don't expect to build the generator itself; perfectly good ones are available. What I don't know is for example, say I have a motor from a used air conditioner fan. I know it is durable and if I rotate it I will produce a current if I attach it to a load. Now what? I can't just attach this to my wiring and expect it to power devices. There is a magic box that goes between the rotating generator and my house. THAT is what I want to learn. By the way, I am not suggesting I am going to use the aforementioned motor; I don't even have one. (Though I could get many if that would work.) I was trying to come up with an example of a motor for the purpose of discussion.
Assess the value of strategic value in helping P&O to formulater its strategy for the future? P &O is a large established company operating across channel ferry services for passengers and freight. In addition, it owns and operates a number of pods. In the first half of 2004, passenger ferries lost P&O £25m. In contrast freight crossings, which transport lorries carrying goods between UK and the rest of Europe, earned £74m in profit in the same period. In the late 2004, P&O announced plans to reduce its passenger ferry workforce by 1200 employees. The move was designed to reduce capacity and cut costs in its cross channel passenger ferry services. The job cuts are part of a larger strategic review of operations that P&O has been conducting since the start of 2004. This was not the first time P&O had reduced the size of its operations. It has spent the past decade slimming down. In the past, it has been criticised for being over-large ............ with a vast range of interests in property, entertainment, holiday resorts, in addition to its ferry services and ports. It has gradually shed its diverse interests and concentrated on its core activities of ferry services and ports. The city was pleased with the proposed job cuts. P&O’s share price climbed 5% following the announcements of cuts. Some analysts suggested it was only a matter of time before P&O rid itself completely of the passenger ferries and focused on the thriving ports and freight parts of the operation. However, union leaders criticised the proposed job losses and the lack of consultation, warning P&O bosses that they faced industrial action if they went through with the proposed cuts. Bob Crow, the Rail Maritime and Transport Union (RMT) General Secretary, said: “our members are devastated by the cuts. We urged the company to consult with us properly, but instead they kept, us guessing for weeks. We found out about the job cuts through the media after the decision had been taken. We are happy to talk about ways we can improve efficiency, but we will not tolerate any compulsory redundancies.” Another union lender claimed that P&O’s management was acting “like rabbits facing the headlights” in response to the passenger ferries losses. “they should seek imaginative and bold strategies for the future, rather than opting to cut costs in this knee jerk way”, he said. A number of factors have made it increasingly difficult for P&O to run its passenger ferries profitably. In recent year, it has experienced a decline in day trips, where passengers bought cheaper beer, wines, tobacco products and gifts on board or during a short stay in France. This decline has occurred for a number of reasons: •The opening of the Channel Tunnel in 1994; •The abolition of tax free sales of alcohol and tobacco products on board ferries in 1999; •The French government’s decision to raise tax on cigarettes by 50%; •Increasing sales of cheep beer and wine in UK super markets. At the same time the growth of low cost airlines opened up more exotic destinations for UK travellers. In addition, P&O claims it does not receive the same kind of help as some of its competitors. Two of the main rivals, Sea France and Brittany Ferries, are basically owned by the French government and, consequently, are under little pressure to deliver profits for shareholders. Also, Eurotunnel, which operates services through the Channel Tunnel, continues to run at a loss with little, chance of generating a return for investors. So it is no surprise that P&O has been under intense pressure to slash prices of its crossing in order to stay profitable. “We are not asking for subsidies from the UK government, but we do not have a pretty uneven playing field”, said Mr Woods, P&O’s chief executive. Bill Moses, a former boss of Hoverspeed, one of P&’Os competitors, argues that the ferry companies have been reluctant to reduce their capacity as the overall market has shrunk and changed in nature. Total ferry passenger numbers from the UK to France are set to halve between 2000 and 2010. “The industry needs to match capacity to demand – something its never been good at , he said. “In the past, in a growing market, its not been an issue. In truth, P&O is a fat cat and needs to tailor its service more to customer needs and customer volumes”, he added. It isn’t all gloom at P&O. Ports and freight services have been consistently profitable. The company expects freight services to contribute 51% of total revenue for 2004, and the freight market as a whole to expand by 6% a year. This growth in freight is partly due to the fact that the volume of freight traffic increases as the economy grows stronger and is also likely to be boosted by the expansion of the European Union. More than half of total imports into eastern European countries are from established EU countries, so freight traffic between established EU countries and the new entrants could expand considerably. P&O is attempting to ....... freight business from Latvia, Hungary, and the Czech Repu
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xbox 360 as media extender with vista? I purchased an xbox 360 primarily to use as a media extender for my pc. I now feel swindled. I tried to connect via the simple instructions to my vista home premium pc. It did not work. neither windows media center can find the extender nor can the xbox find the pc. the xbox does appear on the pc network map. I disabled the antivirus and firewall, shared all the folders and files, insured windows media player 11 was installed, insured I had the latest network driver, rebooted the pc and xbox several times, tried connecting via the 8 digit code xbox generates, tried linking the xbox and pc together via a hub, disabled all security software (mcafee), insured I join xbox live, went to the root console and deleted the windows media certificate, insured the correct services were started..........lets just say I exhausted 40 plus options of articles in the support knowledge base. I then called xbox tech support and was lied to, hung up on (7 times) and treated like I was a tech idiot. I have to say that it was the worst tech support I had ever received and Microsoft should be embarrassed to be providing that level of service. What is even more surprising is that most xbox techs told me over and over again that they didnt know vista. I contacted vista support and was told that they would not assist on an xbox issue. From reviewing other forums this problem appears not to be unique. I now can't return the item since the store I purchased the item at is going out of business and stated they no longer would take returns. I have a hp pavillion running vista home premium, I am using a linksys n class wireless router. If anyone has any suggestions on how to get the xbox up and functional I would be grateful. Other than that I would have to say I learned an expensive lesson and will try to stay away from any future Microsoft products if possible.
make money using paypal - is this legal? Has anyone seen these postings: How to Make Money using Paypal? EARN EXTRA MONEY IN PAYPAL AS SEEN ON OPRAH AND 20/20 I did some research and found that PayPal does not allow pyramid schemes or chain letters. However, they do allow merchants to sell products online and collect the money. With that in mind, it is very easy to convert this make money using paypal idea into a legitimate cash generating e-business. The method is basically the same, only now you will be running an internet publishing clearing house and utilizing viral marketing. My question is, after review the business plan laid out in ths blog posting, is THIS Legal: http://money-wealth-investing.blogspot.com How it works: 1) Buy each of the reports below. (This is the important step that makes this system 100% legal!) You will be automatically redirected to the reports upon payment. 2) Upload these reports to your web server. (A free host will work fine!) 3) Go into your paypal account, under merchant services, and follow the instructions to create a “buy it now” button. Make sure you choose not to encrypt the link and choose add other options. This will give you a “buy it now link” for e-mail. 4) Copy and edit this report. Replace the link in report #1 with your own and move others down one spot, removing the final link. Post this edited copy in at least 200 news groups, forums, etc. Anywhere they are talking about making money online. Report 1) Living Off Your Blog ($1) https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_xclick&business=tysons_music%40yahoo%2ecom&item_name=Living%20Off%20Your%20Blog%20Report&amount=1%2e00&no_shipping=1&return=http%3a%2f%2fonline4millions%2egoldeye%2einfo%2freports%2fliving%2doff%2dyour%2dblog%2epdf&cancel_return=http%3a%2f%2fonline4millions%2ebrinkster%2enet&no_note=1¤cy_code=USD&lc=US&bn=PP%2dBuyNowBF&charset=UTF%2d8 Report 2) Traffic 2.0 ($1) https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_xclick&business=tysons_music%40yahoo%2ecom&item_name=Traffic%202%2e0%20Report&amount=1%2e00&no_shipping=1&return=http%3a%2f%2fonline4millions%2egoldeye%2einfo%2freports%2fTraffic%2d2_0%2epdf&cancel_return=http%3a%2f%2fonline4millions%2ebrinkster%2enet%2f&no_note=1¤cy_code=USD&lc=US&bn=PP%2dBuyNowBF&charset=UTF%2d8 Report 3) 100 Niche Articles Package with Resale Rights ($1) https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_xclick&business=tysons_music%40yahoo%2ecom&item_name=100%20Niche%20Articles%20Package%20%2d%20Resale%20Rights%20Included&amount=1%2e00&no_shipping=1&return=http%3a%2f%2fonline4millions%2egoldeye%2einfo%2freports%2f100NicheArticles_PLR%2ezip&cancel_return=http%3a%2f%2fonline4millions%2ebrinkster%2enet%2f&no_note=1¤cy_code=USD&lc=US&bn=PP%2dBuyNowBF&charset=UTF%2d8 Report 4) This Is Quick Money ($1) https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_xclick&business=tysons_music%40yahoo%2ecom&item_name=This%20Is%20Quick%20Money%20Report&amount=1%2e00&no_shipping=1&return=http%3a%2f%2fonline4millions%2egoldeye%2einfo%2freports%2fThis_Is_Quick_Money%2epdf&cancel_return=http%3a%2f%2fonline4millions%2ebrinkster%2enet%2f&no_note=1¤cy_code=USD&lc=US&bn=PP%2dBuyNowBF&charset=UTF%2d8 Here is the original posting I am refering to: How to make extra money in paypal as seen on oprah ? EARN EXTRA MONEY IN PAYPAL AS SEEN ON OPRAH AND 20/20 ______________________________________... Dear Friend, You probably have seen these, but they really really do work, give it a try -- think of how you waste $6 in a day, week or month. It's a minor investment with great rewards. This might really help you pay off those credit cards and give you the ability to move out. If you could start your own mail order list with an investment of $6.00, and make $800,000 over the next year would you do it? _____________________________________ ***Proven by various, highly-respected U.S. TV and Radio programs as being 100% legal, feasible and true.*** ***Oprah Winfrey and ABC's investigation team 20/20 also prove it can be done.*** IF A 15 YEAR OLD BOY COULD MAKE $71,000 IN JUST 5 WEEKS AND OTHERS $250,000 IN A FEW MORE WEEKS -- SO CAN YOU !!! Would you like to make $71,000 OR $250,000 in a few weeks? As seen on the Oprah Winfrey show and ABC's 20/20 ======================================... The true story that has everyone talking: Parents of a 15yr old boy find $71,000 in his closet: You may have seen this story featured on a number of major news programs (United States), and reported elsewhere around the world. His mother was doing some cleaning and putting some laundry away when she discovered a large brown paper bag that was suspiciously buried beneath some clothes and a skateboard in the back of her 15-year-old sons closet. Nothing could have prepared her for the shock she got when she opened the bag and found that it was full of dollar bills -- $71,000 to be precise!! "My first thought was that he had robbed a bank", says the 41-year-old woman, "There was over $71,000 in that bag, that's more than my husband earns in a year". The woman immediately called her husband at the car-dealership where he worked to tell him what she had discovered. He came home right away and together they drove to the boys school and picked him up. Little did they suspect that where the bills were coming from was going to be a bigger surprise than actually finding them in the closet. As it turns out, the boy had been sending out, via E-mail, a type of "Report" to other E-mail addresses that he obtained off the Internet. Everyday after school for the past 2 months, he had been doing this on his computer in his bedroom. "I just got an E-mail one day and I figured what the heck, I put my name on it like the instructions said and I started sending it out", says the 15-year-old. The E-mail letter he received had 5 names and addresses listed on it and contained instructions on how to send one $5 dollar bill to each person on the list. Then delete the name and address at the bottom of the list (Report # 5) and move the other 4 names and addresses down one step, finally adding your own name and address to the top of the list (Report # 1). The letter goes on to state that you would receive several thousand dollars in five-dollar bills within 2 weeks if you sent out the letter with your name and address at the top of the 5-address list. "I get junk E-mail all the time, and really did not think it was going to work", the boy continues. Within the first few days of sending out the E-mail, the Post Office Box that his parents had gotten him for his video-game magazine subscriptions began to fill up not with magazines, but envelopes containing $5 bills. "About a week later I rode my bike down to the post office and my Post Office Box had 1 magazine and about 300 envelopes stuffed in it." Over the next few weeks, the boy continued sending out the E-mail. "The five dollar bills just kept coming in and I just kept sorting them and stashing them in the closet, I barely had time for my homework". He had also been riding his bike to several of the banks in his area and exchanging the $5 bills for twenties, fifties and hundreds. "I didn't want the banks to get suspicious so I kept riding to different banks with like five thousand at a time in my backpack. I would usually tell the lady at the bank counter that my dad had sent me in to exchange the bills and he was outside waiting for me. One time t ... Well, you get the idea.
What Business Model is the Most Effective in the Affiliate Marketing? I would like to know which of the following business models is the most effective in the affiliate marketing. My affiliate program gives me a choice of business models and I can choose only one. Loyalty/Rewards Select this option if your primary business model is based on loyalty or rewards. For example, your site offers points, donations, or other rewards for purchasing at selected merchants. Loyalty/Reward sites give something back to the consumer in exchange for purchasing through the publisher’s site. A percentage of the advertiser commission is used to pay a reward to the end user. Rewards come in many forms including cash, airline miles, credit card points, or a percent of sale given to an organization. Coupons/Deals Select this option if your primary business model is based on offering coupons and deals to your customers. General Shopping Select this option if your primary business model is shopping. Shopping sites can be thought of as a virtual mall. The consumer can shop for various products and brands without ever having to leave the site. This type of publisher is not focused specifically on coupons and deals. Search Select this option if your primary business model is based on search. Search publishers promote advertisers via search engine marketing (natural or paid). Price Comparison Select this option if your primary business model is based on price comparison. Comparison shopping sites sell items where some comparison is made before the purchase. Many times the publisher will have direct product links of the same product from different advertisers. Content/Niche Select this option if your primary business model is based on content, such as news stories, media, music, or video. Content sites focus on a specific area of interest. This type of site is normally not a shopping site but users go to the site because they are interested in relevant content on site. Content sites that do well with performance-based marketing blend their area of expertise with product recommendations. Social Shopping Select this option if your primary business model is based on social shopping. Social shopping sites usually combine shopping with user recommendations, reviews, lists, and other social network features. User Generated Select this option if your primary business model is based on user-generated content such as communities, forums, and social networks. Other Select this option if your primary business model does not fall under any of the other categories. Thanks
question in APEcon for those who have already taken it? 1. Which of the following characterizes a public good? a. people who do not pay for the good can be escluded from using it. b. if one person uses the good, it goes not prevent others from using it, c. it is easy to determine who must pay for the good. d. the good is produced by the public sector. e. the good exhibits positive externalities. 2. The sales tax you pay at the local sporting goods store is commonly labeled a: a. progressive tax b. regressive tax c. proportional tax d. excise tax e. tax bracket 3. The free rider problem is associated with a. all market goods b. goods that are exclusionary c. bus transportation d. the production of public goods e. the production of public transportation 4. The ability-to-pay principle of taxation: a. has been declared illegal because it deprives on property without "due process of law" b. suggests that one should pay taxes in proportion to the benefits one derives from public goods and services c. suggests that taxes should vary directly with one's income and wealth d. suggests that taxes should vary inversely with one's income and wealth e. suggests that if you have a job, you should pay for the taxes that fund public goods and services 5. If the demand for a product is perfectly elastic and supply is upsloping, a $1 excise tax per unit on suppliers will: a. not raise price at all b. lower price by $1 c. raise price by more than $1 d. raise price by $1 e. lower price by more than $1 6.The Lorenz curve is used to visualize the: a. progressiveness of the Federal tax system b. degree of inequality in the distribution of income c. degree of discrimination against African-Americans and other ninorities d. percentage of the population which is below the poverty line e. percentage of people without a college education 7. Pollution abatement policies will improve efficiency if the a. marginal cost of abatement is less than the marginal benefit of abatement b. MB of abatement is less than the MC of abatement c. MC of abatement is positive d. MB of abatement is positive e. MC of abatement is zero 8. Private firms will not provide such goods as lighthouses or flood-control projects bc: a. such projects generate harmful spillover effects b. MB invariably fall short of marginal costs in such projects c. they are major sources of revenue for government d. tjere is a free-rider problem associated with these products e. it is impossible to earn a profit from these goods 9. Which of the following is likely to be considered a public good? a. a movie theater in a low-income neighborhood b. an amusement park built on an empty rural lot c. a fireworks display funded by the city d. a catfish pond in a gated community e. a swimming pool in a condo development these are review problems that will count as a quiz grade. there were 150 questions and i just couldn't THINK straight after the first 90 so these are some that i didn't get to. please just type the #then the answer. thank you so much!!
Do internet ads actually generate sales for the advertising company? Just something I noticed, since buying ads anywhere is so expensive I wonder how successful internet ads are at making a click into a purchase? I have not once ever bought a product due to an ad that I saw. Youtube plays tons of ads, the blackberry playbook for example, I am not going to go buy it because youtube showed me a 30 second ad. Or a ad for Jeep Wrangler, I am not going to buy a wrangler just because of an ad. When I make a purchase I do my due diligence, I will go to Engadget perhaps before I buy a tablet and all the leading competitors will be reviewed and I can then read the reviews and make my own decision. The youtube ad for a blackberry playbook does not make me want to buy a tablet anymore than I already would if I was in the market for one. Secondly I do not need ads to tell me that there are said products on the market because the websites doing reviews will usually include all the different competitors so i can compare the blackbery playbook with the ipad 2 and the samsung whatever. I am assuming that since internet advertising has been around for so long some profit must be realized from such investment, perhaps peoples buying habits are not similar to mine. What do people think? Why do people companies continue to buy ad space on websites?
Why is YouTube censoring my video ad? I am really frustrated after my first video upload experience on youtube. I created a teaser ad to promote a product I sell. It’s a clean, honest ad in which I used an ultra-minimalistic approach of displaying text slides on a black background with music I composed and produced in my home studio. It’s a really cool ad and I promoted it via youtube’s (a-la-google driven pay per adwords engine) pay per click campaign choosing my targeted keywords carefully to attract the right audience. The program I sell is a training program which teaches how to make a good living selling affiliate products online. My ad was simple, clean and did not violate any of youtube’s policies which I reviewed carefully prior to posting my video ad. It was also a product of my creativity which I am proud of and wanted to share with my friends. I got quite a few hits, through the paid ad campaign, managed to generate some interest and after about 3 weeks, youtube suddenly rejected my video and closed down my campaign for no clear reason! I got some automated reply from google informing me of this and it contained a cryptic message indicating the reason for the rejection but which didn’t make any sense at all. Here is part of their message: “Ad Status: Suspended – Pending Revision Ad Issue(s): PYV: Video Content Unavailable SUGGESTIONS: Please attach an active video to your ad, and we will be happy to run your ad on YouTube and partner sites.” So my understanding is that my video which I slaved on to produce and created the soundtrack for in my home studio did not contain any “video content” according to youtube?? Since when does animated text with music in the form of a video advertisement not count as a real ‘video’? Can anyone shed more light on this? I tried contacting them by any means possible…but as you all know, that was a futile cause. I think I have a better chance of reaching the Dalai Lama on the phone than I do of actually talking to somebody in youtube’s operations. If anybody has any idea of what actually happened here and can offer any suggestions, I’d greatly appreciate it. To reiterate - This video ad is animated text which changes through video crossfade effects based on spot-queues from the music. It is reminiscent of a short movie teaser. This IS by definition, a video in every regard which is in WMV format. This raises the question of what defines a video? What is the difference if it's a video of an animated circle changing into an a square which changes into a triangle vs. animated text which changes into different text continuously while being spot queued to dramatic music? It's still a video and just as much a video as the former example! And a very effective video at that, of which by design, its minimalistic screenplay is somewhat shocking and leaves you in suspense and curious. This is a work of art embedded in a moving picture, not just a text message randomly flashing on a screen. I really wish I could display it here to get a general consensus, but I can't and the bottom line is that in this case YouTube is completely wrong.
Would a submarine computerization project do the equivalent of this, or would it be overkill and unnecessary ? <<The Sr. QA Automation Engineer in this role will help Experian QA implement a robust, scalable, and reusable automation and performance framework. Responsibilities: • Analyze requirements specifications and identify specific test points within the software. • Independently design and document detailed automation test cases to cover all levels of test • Effectively employ automation to reduce testing cycles on repeated tasks. • Generate/assemble test data to support test conduct • Analyze defects identified and document in a problem report • Interact with software developers to tune code and track all problem reports to closure Skills: Sound knowledge of software development lifecycle and QA processes Knowledge of one or more industry tools and solutions that provide automated testing. (WinRunner, QuickTest Pro, SilkTest, JUnit, eTest, Quality Center, SQA Robot, etc.) Experience with multiple platforms (Windows, Solaris, Linux, HP UX, AIX), Web Servers (IIS and or iPlanet server), Application Servers, web technologies (Java, XML, WAP etc), web technology tools (Java, Java Scripting, Junit, Jmeter) Knowledge of SQL and Databases (MS SQL or Oracle) Excellent oral and written communication skills; including the ability to effectively convey issues and alternatives regardless of the audience level or circumstances, in writing or orally. Adept at extracting information from written materials, and identifying the action to be taken Effective organizational skills; ability to multi-task. Interact with software developers to tune code and track all problem reports to closure Experienced with any programming or scripting language (VB, C, C++, Java, Perl, AWK, etc.) Familiar with version control/configuration management systems and defect tracking software. Requirements Sound knowledge of software development lifecycle and QA processes Knowledge of one or more industry tools and solutions that provide automated testing. (WinRunner, QuickTest Pro, SilkTest, JUnit, eTest, Quality Center, SQA Robot, etc.) Experience with multiple platforms (Windows, Solaris, Linux, HP UX, AIX), Web Servers (IIS and or iPlanet server), Application Servers, web technologies (Java, XML, WAP etc), web technology tools (Java, Java Scripting, Junit, Jmeter) Knowledge of SQL and Databases (MS SQL or Oracle) Excellent oral and written communication skills; including the ability to effectively convey issues and alternatives regardless of the audience level or circumstances, in writing or orally. Adept at extracting information from written materials, and identifying the action to be taken Effective organizational skills; ability to multi-task. Interact with software developers to tune code and track all problem reports to closure Experienced with any programming or scripting language (VB, C, C++, Java, Perl, AWK, etc.) Familiar with version control/configuration management systems and defect tracking software. Do Whatever it Takes attitude Advanced written and spoken English. Ability to communicate by phone, email, instant messaging and in-person. Position will communicate regularly with US based QA team as well as various developers and even potentially product / business users. Experience with developing and supporting an automation system using keyword approach Experience with one or multiple automation frameworks Minimum 5years experience in Web based application testing Smart, quick thinker, flexible. Ability to learn and understand complex business rules Experience writing and reviewing test plans/cases Experience with both B2C and B2B software solutions. Requires complete understanding software development and QA methodologies Ability to be proactive and work independently with minimal supervision Strong analytical skills are essential. Ability to make independent decisions based on experience and judgment. Ability to multi-task assignments and manage self accordingly>>
How Many of these Moderators are on the Purdue Cytometry Mail List? Author Topic mlinde Member United States 17 Posts Posted - February 03 2006 : 6:21:13 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I'm looking into flow cytometer analysis programs for the PC and I was wondering whether anyone had any insight into which programs were the most useful and worthwhile. From what I have seen, Flow-Jo and FCSexpress are the more commonly used PC programs. Does anyone have any experience with either of these programs? The other option would be to purchase another Macintosh and use CellQuest. Advice, comments, suggestions? rakeshverma Member United States 93 Posts Posted - February 04 2006 : 10:46:54 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I have used CellQuest. Its a good option. Antonio68 Member Germany 20 Posts Posted - May 01 2006 : 11:48:43 AM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You can use Summit from Dako is free and gives you the possibility to do offline compensation. However, the best flow cytometry software is FlowJo. There is a PC (Java based) and a Mac version. The Mac version for the moment is quite better. lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1028 Posts Posted - July 06 2006 : 4:59:46 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I'm not a PC person, but am an ardent flow person. My flow friends with PCs swear by WinMidi, which is free. If you Google for free flow cytometry software, you'll come to 2 sites, one at UMass, one at Scripps. Lots of free analysis software for the PC, maybe because BD relied on Macs for so long. mlinde Member United States WI 17 Posts Posted - August 02 2006 : 5:44:55 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As an update, I tried trial versions of FCSexpress and FlowJo and wasn't really happy with either of them compared to Cell Quest. I found FCSexpress almost impossible to work with. FlowJo was alright, but I don't think I had the time to really get the software down. Anyone know if BD ever plans to put out CellQuest on PC? lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1028 Posts Posted - August 09 2006 : 1:22:04 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- quote: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As an update, I tried trial versions of FCSexpress and FlowJo and wasn't really happy with either of them compared to Cell Quest. I found FCSexpress almost impossible to work with. FlowJo was alright, but I don't think I had the time to really get the software down. Anyone know if BD ever plans to put out CellQuest on PC? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Don't quote me, but I do believe that CellQuest is available for PC because the newer BD flow cytometers are digital and use PCs for acquisition. Mlinde, have you ever tried WinList or WinMidi? Both of those were written for PCs. Also WEASEL comes in PC and Mac versions. Did you read the flow perspectives? There is a software discussion there. (Disclosure-- I wrote it). Mlinde or anyone else, you can contact me through the SAB e-mail system if you want to discuss flow software or anything flow some more off the forum. I'll be glad to help if I can. Edited by - lovesthelab on August 09 2006 1:24:07 PM PLapierre Senior Member Canada 242 Posts Posted - February 11 2008 : 7:49:11 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For PC a i think WEASEL is the best free alternative. I haven't tried many but there any many alternatives Author Topic mlinde Member United States 17 Posts Posted - February 03 2006 : 6:21:13 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I'm looking into flow cytometer analysis programs for the PC and I was wondering whether anyone had any insight into which programs were the most useful and worthwhile. From what I have seen, Flow-Jo and FCSexpress are the more commonly used PC programs. Does anyone have any experience with either of these programs? The other option would be to purchase another Macintosh and use CellQuest. Advice, comments, suggestions? rakeshverma Member United States 93 Posts Posted - February 04 2006 : 10:46:54 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I have used CellQuest. Its a good option. Antonio68 Member Germany 20 Posts Posted - May 01 2006 : 11:48:43 AM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You can use Summit from Dako is free and gives you the possibility to do offline compensation. However, the best flow cytometry software is FlowJo. There is a PC (Java based) and a Mac version. The Mac version for the moment is quite better. lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1028 Posts Posted - July 06 2006 : 4:59:46 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I'm not a PC person, but am an ardent flow person. My flow friends with PCs swear by WinMidi, which is free. If you Google for free flow cytometry software, you'll come to 2 sites, one at UMass, one at Scripps. Lots of free analysis software for the PC, maybe because BD relied on Macs for so long. mlinde Member United States 17 Posts Posted - August 02 2006 : 5:44:55 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As an update, I tried trial versions of FCSexpress and FlowJo and wasn't really happy with either of them compared to Cell Quest. I found FCSexpress almost impossible to work with. FlowJo was alright, but I don't think I had the time to really get the software down. Anyone know if BD ever plans to put out CellQuest on PC? lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1028 Posts Posted - August 09 2006 : 1:22:04 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- quote: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As an update, I tried trial versions of FCSexpress and FlowJo and wasn't really happy with either of them compared to Cell Quest. I found FCSexpress almost impossible to work with. FlowJo was alright, but I don't think I had the time to really get the software down. Anyone know if BD ever plans to put out CellQuest on PC? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Don't quote me, but I do believe that CellQuest is available for PC because the newer BD flow cytometers are digital and use PCs for acquisition. Mlinde, have you ever tried WinList or WinMidi? Both of those were written for PCs. Also WEASEL comes in PC and Mac versions. Did you read the flow perspectives? There is a software discussion there. (Disclosure-- I wrote it). Mlinde or anyone else, you can contact me through the SAB e-mail system if you want to discuss flow software or anything flow some more off the forum. I'll be glad to help if I can. Edited by - lovesthelab on August 09 2006 1:24:07 PM PLapierre Senior Member Canada 242 Posts Posted - February 11 2008 : 7:49:11 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For PC a i think WEASEL is the best free alternative. I haven't tried many but there any many alternatives anyway.. Author Topic mlinde Member United States 17 Posts Posted - February 03 2006 : 6:21:13 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I'm looking into flow cytometer analysis programs for the PC and I was wondering whether anyone had any insight into which programs were the most useful and worthwhile. From what I have seen, Flow-Jo and FCSexpress are the more commonly used PC programs. Does anyone have any experience with either of these programs? The other option would be to purchase another Macintosh and use CellQuest. Advice, comments, suggestions? rakeshverma Member United States 93 Posts Posted - February 04 2006 : 10:46:54 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I have used CellQuest. Its a good option. Antonio68 Member Germany 20 Posts Posted - May 01 2006 : 11:48:43 AM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You can use Summit from Dako is free and gives you the possibility to do offline compensation. However, the best flow cytometry software is FlowJo. There is a PC (Java based) and a Mac version. The Mac version for the moment is quite better. lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1028 Posts Posted - July 06 2006 : 4:59:46 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I'm not a PC person, but am an ardent flow person. My flow friends with PCs swear by WinMidi, which is free. If you Google for free flow cytometry software, you'll come to 2 sites, one at UMass, one at Scripps. Lots of free analysis software for the PC, maybe because BD relied on Macs for so long. mlinde Member United States 17 Posts Posted - August 02 2006 : 5:44:55 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As an update, I tried trial versions of FCSexpress and FlowJo and wasn't really happy with either of them compared to Cell Quest. I found FCSexpress almost impossible to work with. FlowJo was alright, but I don't think I had the time to really get the software down. Anyone know if BD ever plans to put out CellQuest on PC? lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1028 Posts Posted - August 09 2006 : 1:22:04 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- quote: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As an update, I tried trial versions of FCSexpress and FlowJo and wasn't really happy with either of them compared to Cell Quest. I found FCSexpress almost impossible to work with. FlowJo was alright, but I don't think I had the time to really get the software down. Anyone know if BD ever plans to put out CellQuest on PC? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Don't quote me, but I do believe that CellQuest is available for PC because the newer BD flow cytometers are digital and use PCs for acquisition. Mlinde, have you ever tried WinList or WinMidi? Both of those were written for PCs. Also WEASEL comes in PC and Mac versions.Author Topic mlinde Member United States 17 Posts Posted - February 03 2006 : 6:21:13 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I'm looking into flow cytometer analysis programs for the PC and I was wondering whether anyone had any insight into which programs were the most useful and worthwhile. From what I have seen, Flow-Jo and FCSexpress are the more commonly used PC programs. Does anyone have any experience with either of these programs? The other option would be to purchase another Macintosh and use CellQuest. Advice, comments, suggestions? rakeshverma Member United States 93 Posts Posted - February 04 2006 : 10:46:54 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I have used CellQuest. Its a good option. Antonio68 Member Germany 20 Posts Posted - May 01 2006 : 11:48:43 AM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You can use Summit from Dako is free and gives you the possibility to do offline compensation. However, the best flow cytometry software is FlowJo. There is a PC (Java based) and a Mac version. The Mac version for the moment is quite better. lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1028 Posts Posted - July 06 2006 : 4:59:46 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I'm not a PC person, but am an ardent flow person. My flow friends with PCs swear by WinMidi, which is free. If you Google for free flow cytometry software, you'll come to 2 sites, one at UMass, one at Scripps. Lots of free analysis software for the PC, maybe because BD relied on Macs for so long. mlinde Member United States 17 Posts Posted - August 02 2006 : 5:44:55 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As an update, I tried trial versions of FCSexpress and FlowJo and wasn't really happy with either of them compared to Cell Quest. I found FCSexpress almost impossible to work with. FlowJo was alright, but I don't think I had the time to really get the software down. Anyone know if BD ever plans to put out CellQuest on PC? lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1028 Posts Posted - August 09 2006 : 1:22:04 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- quote: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As an update, I tried trial versions of FCSexpress and FlowJo and wasn't really happy with either of them compared to Cell Quest. I found FCSexpress almost impossible to work with. FlowJo was alright, but I don't think I had the time to really get the software down. Anyone know if BD ever plans to put out CellQuest on PC? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Don't quote me, but I do believe that CellQuest is available for PC because the newer BD flow cytometers are digital and use PCs for acquisition. Mlinde, have you ever tried WinList or WinMidi? Both of those were written for PCs. Also WEASEL comes in PC and Mac versions. Did you read the flow perspectives? There is a software discussion there. (Disclosure-- I wrote it). Mlinde or anyone else, you can contact me through the SAB e-mail system if you want to discuss flow software or anything flow some more off the forum. I'll be glad to help if I can. Edited by - lovesthelab on August 09 2006 1:24:07 PM PLapierre Senior Member Canada 242 Posts Posted - February 11 2008 : 7:49:11 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For PC a i think WEASEL is the best free alternative. I haven't tried many but there any many alternatives anyway.. Mlinde or anyone else, you can contact me through the SAB e-mail system if you want to discuss flow software or anything flow some more off the forum. I'll be glad to help if I can. Edited by - lovesthelab on August 09 2006 1:24:07 PM PLapierre Senior Member Canada 242 Posts Posted - February 11 2008 : 7:49:11 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For PC a i think WEASEL is the best free alternative. I haven't tried many but there any many alternatives anyway.. Flow Cytometry Plus Microscopy "The visualpower of microscopy plus the statistical rigor of flow cytometry rolled into 1 package." That's the company's tag line. And they deliver. LOVETHELAB?************ I'm a BD flow lover, a confirmed Mac user (I tell everyone "I don't do Windows"). So why am I touting a machine made by Amnis that requires Windows? Because this instrument goes above and beyond mere flow cytometry- it shows you every event (that's cell to non-flow users) in detail. I used it and I am sold. It takes a single experiment now to do intracellular localization, in place of two. A simpler caspase activation assay. What's not to love? Even the computer quandary is solvable (the one feature I'd change: I'd have it run off a Mac) - with an Intel Mac; just get Parallels software, install Windows, and you are good to go, or rather, run. And the ImageStream can run off an Intel Mac this way too. I bought an Intel iMac just for analysis. Installation of Parallels was easy, IDEAS is about as intuitional as any flow software package. And Amnnis reps bend over to be helpful. Don't let the price tag scare you; rather, help write a shared- instrument grant (we did) for your institution to get one. It is simply amazing. Review by lovesthelab ************************************************** ************************************************** ***************************** lovesthelab Senior Member United States 807 Posts Posted - August 09 2006 : 1:22:04 PM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- quote: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As an update, I tried trial versions of FCSexpress and FlowJo and wasn't really happy with either of them compared to Cell Quest. I found FCSexpress almost impossible to work with. FlowJo was alright, but I don't think I had the time to really get the software down. Anyone know if BD ever plans to put out CellQuest on PC? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Science Advisory Board Home | Forums | My Profile | Active Topics | Members | Search | News | Resources | Studies | About Us | Site Map Screen Name: Password: Save Password Forgot your Password? All Forums Software Flow cytometer analysis on PC Printer Friendly Author Topic mlinde Member United States 11 Posts Posted - February 03 2006 : 6:21:13 PM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I'm looking into flow cytometer analysis programs for the PC and I was wondering whether anyone had any insight into which programs were the most useful and worthwhile. From what I have seen, Flow-Jo and FCSexpress are the more commonly used PC programs. Does anyone have any experience with either of these programs? The other option would be to purchase another Macintosh and use CellQuest. Advice, comments, suggestions? rakeshverma Member United States 93 Posts Posted - February 04 2006 : 10:46:54 PM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I have used CellQuest. Its a good option. Antonio68 Member Germany 20 Posts Posted - May 01 2006 : 11:48:43 AM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You can use Summit from Dako is free and gives you the possibility to do offline compensation. However, the best flow cytometry software is FlowJo. There is a PC (Java based) and a Mac version. The Mac version for the moment is quite better. lovesthelab Senior Member United States 807 Posts Posted - July 06 2006 : 4:59:46 PM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I'm not a PC person, but am an ardent flow person. My flow friends with PCs swear by WinMidi, which is free. If you Google for free flow cytometry software, you'll come to 2 sites, one at UMass, one at Scripps. Lots of free analysis software for the PC, maybe because BD relied on Macs for so long. mlinde Member United States 11 Posts Posted - August 02 2006 : 5:44:55 PM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As an update, I tried trial versions of FCSexpress and FlowJo and wasn't really happy with either of them compared to Cell Quest. I found FCSexpress almost impossible to work with. FlowJo was alright, but I don't think I had the time to really get the software down. Anyone know if BD ever plans to put out CellQuest on PC? lovesthelab Senior Member United States 807 Posts Posted - August 09 2006 : 1:22:04 PM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- quote: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As an update, I tried trial versions of FCSexpress and FlowJo and wasn't really happy with either of them compared to Cell Quest. I found FCSexpress almost impossible to work with. FlowJo was alright, but I don't think I had the time to really get the software down. Anyone know if BD ever plans to put out CellQuest on PC? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Don't quote me, but I do believe that CellQuest is available for PC because the newer BD flow cytometers are digital and use PCs for acquisition. Mlinde, have you ever tried WinList or WinMidi? Both of those were written for PCs. Also WEASEL comes in PC and Mac versions. Did you read the flow perspectives? There is a software discussion there. (Disclosure-- I wrote it). Mlinde or anyone else, you can contact me through the SAB e-mail system if you want to discuss flow software or anything flow some more off the forum. I'll be glad to help if I can. Edited by - lovesthelab on August 09 2006 1:24:07 PM rgrant Moderator Australia 2364 Posts Posted - October 10 2007 : 02:34:47 AM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Well, it took me about 30 seconds to discover that Mitchell Haynes is VP Sales at Kanecki - see http://www.kanecki.com/about.html Admin, this is blatant advertising (MH started this thread yesterday). -- "I don't have a lot of use for Coldplay most of the time" -- rwintle http://network.nature.com/blogs/user/rpg rwintle Advanced Member Canada 4710 Posts Posted - October 10 2007 : 10:49:46 AM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AND SOMEBODY TELL HIM TO STOP SHOUTING. khenwood67 Administrator United States 248 Posts Posted - October 10 2007 : 11:03:53 AM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I've deleted the topic that he started, and also deleted his post in this forum. He won't be posting on the forums again. Kathryn Henwood Membership Coordinator The Science Advisory Board k.henw...@scienceboard.net Printer Friendly Jump To: Select Forum Et Cetera Humor in Don't quote me, but I do believe that CellQuest is available for PC because the newer BD flow cytometers are digital and use PCs for acquisition. Mlinde, have you ever tried WinList or WinMidi? Both of those were written for PCs. Also WEASEL comes in PC and Mac versions. Did you read the flow perspectives? There is a software discussion there. (Disclosure-- I wrote it). Mlinde or anyone else, you can contact me through the SAB e-mail system if you want to discuss flow software or anything flow some more off the forum. I'll be glad to help if I can. Edited by - lovesthelab on August 09 2006 1:24:07 PM ********************************************** rgrant ************************************************** *********************** Moderator Australia 2364 Posts Posted - October 10 2007 : 02:34:47 AM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Well, it took me about 30 seconds to discover that Mitchell Haynes is ******************************************* VP Sales at Kanecki - see http://www.kanecki.com/about.html Admin, this is blatant advertising (MH started this thread yesterday). -- "I don't have a lot of use for Coldplay most of the time" -- rwintle http://network.nature.com/blogs/user/rpg ************************************************** *************** WELL I MUST BE SHOUTING SINCE THIS IS IN CAPITAL LETTERS. WHO IS ON THE PURDUE CYTMETRY MAIL LIST OR WAS THAT MAKES THESE COMMENTS? DOES PURDUE *********MANAGE THE SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD? Admin, this is blatant advertising (MH started this thread yesterday). THE DISCLAIMER JUST POPPED UP FOR SCIENTIST SOLUTIONS PUCL PURDUE CYTOMETRY MAIL LIST **********MANAGES**** THE DISCUSSIONS..... ARE PEOPLE GETTING INFLUENCED ANSWERS WITH LEADING QUESTIONS TO PROMOTE SOFTWARE? SAME PEOPLE IN SAME CONVERSATIONS Mitchell Haynes is ******************************************* VP Sales at Kanecki - see http://www.kanecki.com/about.html Lovesthelab Did you read the flow perspectives? There is a software discussion there. (Disclosure-- I wrote it). So why is she giving referrals on software? ???????????? WHO CAN YOU GET HONEST ANSWERS FROM WITH *********NO INFLUENCE???? ****** General Flow Cytometry Resources Purdue University Cytometry Laboratory Website Start learning about flow cytometry on the web at this site. The most comprehensive flow cytometry and analytical cytology website I have found. You will find resources ranging from archived protocols to request forms for the latest protocols CD-ROMs - and they are free while supplies last. Job listings, meetings, journals, latest developments- it is all here. Lectures Website Dr. J. Paul Robinson, Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine, has put a compilation of lec-ture slides on a website. Some of the information is bullet statements, but the pictures are great. If you've never seen a flow cytometer, you'll see lots of them here. If you are new to flow, you'll find in-troductory slides here. Practical Flow Cytometry, Fourth Edition by Howard Shapiro, published by J. Wiley & Sons, 2003. Website Dr. Shapiro has kindly put his textbook online through Molecular Probes. It is free! Yes, you do need to register to see it, but that's all you need to do, and you have access forever. Flow Cytometry E-mail Discussion Group Website Have a question? Novices to experts, all levels of questions are welcome. This e-mail group has been invaluable to me. E-mails are archived and can be searched by topic. International Society for Analytical Cytology Website The premier society for flow cytometry, it publishes Cytometry Parts A and B (Clinical Cytometry), Case Studies in Clinical Flow Cytometry, and Current Protocols in Cytometry. These are available on-line, but you must be subscribed for access. Regular dues are US $126; fees are deeply dis-counted for students, post-doctoral fellows, and scientists from developing nations. Please consider joining. National Flow Cytometry Resource, Los Alamos National Laboratories Website Where the cutting edge happens. NFCR runs a course every June that alternates between Los Ala-mos and New England. I recommend it to the serious flow person; you will learn a tremendous amount, including how to build your own flow cytometer, if you are so inclined. FlowCyte Website This discussion group is dedicated to flow users interested in developing uniform bioinformatics standards. They are also developing analysis and statistics software for flow users. SUCH A LARGE LIST TOOOOOO ALL GOES BACK TO J PAUL ROBINSON JUST GOOGLE PURDUE CYTOMETRY MAIL LIST YOU WILL FIND ALL YOUR MODERATIORS PROBABLY WENT THROUGHT THE LIST Re: mr on Apple web site * This message: [ Message body ] [ More options ] * Related messages: [ Next message ] [ Previous message ] [ In reply to ] [ Next in thread ] From: J. Paul Robinson <j...@flowcyt.cyto.purdue.edu> Date: Mon Aug 23 2004 - 18:46:12 EST I knew that I should not have taken Mario's bait....but its been a long summer.....! paul - Hide quoted text - - Show quoted text - J.Paul Robinson, PhD PH765)4940757 Professor of Immunopharmacology Professor of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University FAX765)4940517 EMAIL:j...@flowcyt.cyto.purdue.edu WEB: http://www.cyto.purdue.edu Have you seen our new HCS webpage? http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/hcs Received on Tue Aug 24 15:58:00 2004 * This message: [ Message body ] * Next message: Fischer, Randy (NIH/NIAMS): "RE: mr on Apple web site" * Previous message: Beverly Barton: "Re: mr on Apple web site" * In reply to: Beverly Barton: "Re: mr on Apple web site" * Next in thread: Fischer, Randy (NIH/NIAMS): "RE: mr on Apple web site" * Contemporary messages sorted: [ By Date ] [ By Thread ] [ By Subject ] [ By Author ] [ By messages with attachments ] This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.8 : Wed Aug 25 2004 - 03:12:04 EST Posted by Mitch Haynes On Mar 1, 12:56 pm, Mitch Haynes <mitchhay...@gmail.com> wrote: The Science Advisory Board - Protocols, Product Reviews, Member ... Dec 14, 2006 ... Dr. Beverly Barton of the New Jersey Medical School, USA and Dr. Richard Wintle of The Centre for Applied Genomics, Toronto, Canada were the ... http://www.scienceboard.net/communit.../news.314.html - 23k - Cached - Similar pages - Note this Posted by Mitch Haynes On Mar 3, 11:20*pm, Mitch Haynes <mitchhay...@gmail.com> wrote: PLapierre Senior Member Canada 262 Posts Posted - February 11 2008 : 7:42:43 PM Show Profile Visit PLapierre's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply to Topic What do you think is a better platform for bioinformatics, i think it use to be mac (Dnasis, etc) but i think its changing, i m happy that Intel mac can run windows now! What do you think? Kannan Senior Member India 188 Posts Posted - February 12 2008 : 12:26:48 AM Show Profile Visit Kannan's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply Let it be MAC or PC. The software should be compatible.Go to Top of Page rgrant Moderator Australia 2514 Posts Posted - February 12 2008 : 01:08:26 AM Show Profile Visit rgrant's Homepage Send rgrant a Yahoo! Message Send rgrant an instant message Reply with Quote Reply Unix. Every time. -- "I don't have a lot of use for Coldplay most of the time" -- rwintle http://network.nature.com/blogs/user/rpg Go to Top of Page Nexins Advanced Member Germany 2631 Posts Posted - February 12 2008 : 03:34:26 AM Show Profile Visit Nexins's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply Unix = Mac OSX. no need to comment more. -- 'Work should not interfere with the quality of life' -Dr. Alex SavovGo to Top of Page Ana Laura Senior Member Argentina 351 Posts Posted - February 12 2008 : 3:28:00 PM Show Profile Visit Ana Laura's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply Why would anyone infect a Mac with Windows?Go to Top of Page rgrant Moderator Australia 2514 Posts Posted - February 12 2008 : 6:05:10 PM Show Profile Visit rgrant's Homepage Send rgrant a Yahoo! Message Send rgrant an instant message Reply with Quote Reply Sometimes, Ana, it is unfortunately unavoidable. Doesn't mean I have to like it. A bit like public transport, really. -- "I don't have a lot of use for Coldplay most of the time" -- rwintle http://network.nature.com/blogs/user/rpg Go to Top of Page jooly Senior Member United Kingdom 740 Posts Posted - February 12 2008 : 6:26:32 PM Show Profile Visit jooly's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply Note: I am resolutely not having anything to do with this debate.Go to Top of Page rgrant Moderator Australia 2514 Posts Posted - February 12 2008 : 8:05:25 PM Show Profile Visit rgrant's Homepage Send rgrant a Yahoo! Message Send rgrant an instant message Reply with Quote Reply And we love you for that, Jooly -- "I don't have a lot of use for Coldplay most of the time" -- rwintle http://network.nature.com/blogs/user/rpg Go to Top of Page lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1032 Posts Posted - February 13 2008 : 10:08:25 AM Show Profile Visit lovesthelab's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply quote: Why would anyone infect a Mac with Windows? **SIGH** Because certain imbecile flow cytometry software executives made the executive decision to release acquisiton/analysis software for Windows only. We hates it. Ruins the Precious, it does. been there, done that more times than I care to admitGo to Top of Page PLapierre Senior Member Canada 262 Posts Posted - February 13 2008 : 11:27:33 AM Show Profile Visit PLapierre's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply Did BD biosciences change their FACS platform from Mac to PC? That would be a shame, i can already see myself rebooting the FACS every 10 minutes Go to Top of Page rchen Member United States 8 Posts Posted - February 13 2008 : 1:02:33 PM Show Profile Visit rchen's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply Most softwares are PC based , though few in Mac for special instrument vendors.Go to Top of Page lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1032 Posts Posted - February 13 2008 : 2:52:37 PM Show Profile Visit lovesthelab's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply quote: Did BD biosciences change their FACS platform from Mac to PC? That would be a shame, i can already see myself rebooting the FACS every 10 minutes **BIG SIGH** Yes. See FACSDiva on the web. Imbecile is being kind. Also see Winlist, Amnis IDEAS software for ImageStream. The Precious calls. been there, done that more times than I care to admitGo to Top of Page Ana Laura Senior Member Argentina 351 Posts Posted - February 13 2008 : 4:30:54 PM Show Profile Visit Ana Laura's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply Nice Macs Nice Fishes Nasty Windowses Edited by - Ana Laura on February 13 2008 6:38:48 PMGo to Top of Page rgrant Moderator Australia 2514 Posts Posted - February 13 2008 : 8:41:11 PM Show Profile Visit rgrant's Homepage Send rgrant a Yahoo! Message Send rgrant an instant message Reply with Quote Reply *HOWLS* of laughter. (My iMac's name on the network, coincidentally, is 'Gandalf') -- "I don't have a lot of use for Coldplay most of the time" -- rwintle http://network.nature.com/blogs/user/rpg Go to Top of Page PLapierre Senior Member Canada 262 Posts Posted - February 14 2008 : 10:07:44 AM Show Profile Visit PLapierre's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply Cool!!! They should use this in an mac ad!Go to Top of Page rwintle Advanced Member Canada 4965 Posts Posted - February 14 2008 : 11:53:44 AM Show Profile Visit rwintle's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply I'm with jooooly on this debate, but I am also howling with laughter at Ana Laura's post . -- "There is another way of putting this. But I forgot it." - Pier Giorgio DiCiccoGo to Top of Page lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1032 Posts Posted - February 14 2008 : 1:43:50 PM Show Profile Visit lovesthelab's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply I LOVE IT! I LOVE IT! Ana Laura, can you send me a jpg (signed by you, of course) so I can hang it up in my new office? been there, done that more times than I care to admitGo to Top of Page lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1032 Posts Posted - February 14 2008 : 1:45:23 PM Show Profile Visit lovesthelab's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply quote: Most softwares are PC based , though few in Mac for special instrument vendors. Most does not equal best. been there, done that more times than I care to admitGo to Top of Page PLapierre Senior Member Canada 262 Posts Posted - February 16 2008 : 09:05:25 AM Show Profile Visit PLapierre's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply quote: quote: Most softwares are PC based , though few in Mac for special instrument vendors. Most does not equal best. been there, done that more times than I care to admit Aint that the truth! the amount of useless and crappy software available for windows is mind boggling!Go to Top of Page lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1032 Posts Posted - February 16 2008 : 8:23:09 PM Show Profile Visit lovesthelab's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply quote: *HOWLS* of laughter. (My iMac's name on the network, coincidentally, is 'Gandalf') -- "I don't have a lot of use for Coldplay most of the time" -- rwintle http://network.nature.com/blogs/user/rpg My iMac at home is Galadriel, my daughter's iBook is Arwen, my iMac at work is Elrond, and my iPod is of course Frodo. Our network at home is Rivendell. been there, done that more times than I care to admitGo to Top of Page Ana Laura Senior Member Argentina 351 Posts Posted - February 16 2008 : 8:58:13 PM Show Profile Visit Ana Laura's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply So you have an iFrod Go to Top of Page rwintle Advanced Member Canada 4965 Posts Posted - February 17 2008 : 09:55:31 AM Show Profile Visit rwintle's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply quote: My iMac at home is Galadriel, my daughter's iBook is Arwen, my iMac at work is Elrond, and my iPod is of course Frodo. Our network at home is Rivendell. [sigh] My laptop's network ID is "XPWS-15" or something like that. Danger of having to have the institutional IT folks set it up, I guess. -- "There is another way of putting this. But I forgot it." - Pier Giorgio DiCiccoGo to Top of Page Nexins Advanced Member Germany 2631 Posts Posted - February 17 2008 : 11:31:06 AM Show Profile Visit Nexins's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply quote: ... Our network at home is Rivendell. sweet. good to know for wardriving. -- 'Work should not interfere with the quality of life' -Dr. Alex SavovGo to Top of Page lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1032 Posts Posted - February 17 2008 : 4:56:32 PM Show Profile Visit lovesthelab's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply quote: quote: ... Our network at home is Rivendell. sweet. good to know for wardriving. ? Online game? been there, done that more times than I care to admitGo to Top of Page Nexins Advanced Member Germany 2631 Posts Posted - February 18 2008 : 03:47:11 AM Show Profile Visit Nexins's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply quote: ? Online game? no, dear. hacking your WiFI access point at home . it's called 'wardriving'. just kidding - i was planning for Baltimore, not for Newark -- 'Work should not interfere with the quality of life' -Dr. Alex SavovGo to Top of Page PLapierre Senior Member Canada 262 Posts Posted - February 18 2008 : 09:32:27 AM Show Profile Visit PLapierre's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply quote: quote: *HOWLS* of laughter. (My iMac's name on the network, coincidentally, is 'Gandalf') -- "I don't have a lot of use for Coldplay most of the time" -- rwintle http://network.nature.com/blogs/user/rpg My iMac at home is Galadriel, my daughter's iBook is Arwen, my iMac at work is Elrond, and my iPod is of course Frodo. Our network at home is Rivendell. been there, done that more times than I care to admit You re a lot more imaginative than me, my network is named NETGEAR and my computers are named PC-1, PC-2, etc.. Go to Top of Page Nexins Advanced Member Germany 2631 Posts Posted - February 18 2008 : 11:45:08 AM Show Profile Visit Nexins's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply quote: ... my network is named NETGEAR and my computers are named PC-1, PC-2, etc.. s/he just cries to get hacked! wardrivers of the world, unite -- 'Work should not interfere with the quality of life' -Dr. Alex SavovGo to Top of Page lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1032 Posts Posted - February 18 2008 : 12:52:59 PM Show Profile Visit lovesthelab's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply quote: quote: ? Online game? no, dear. hacking your WiFI access point at home . it's called 'wardriving'. just kidding - i was planning for Baltimore, not for Newark Have to know the password and I know you'll never guess it. Nor will anyone outside of my family. 3 firewalls are up. paranoid, we are. been there, done that more times than I care to admitGo to Top of Page jooly Senior Member United Kingdom 740 Posts Posted - February 18 2008 : 2:31:19 PM Show Profile Visit jooly's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply I'm guessing it's either JRRTolkein or silmarillion Go to Top of Page rgrant Moderator Australia 2514 Posts Posted - February 18 2008 : 3:50:14 PM Show Profile Visit rgrant's Homepage Send rgrant a Yahoo! Message Send rgrant an instant message Reply with Quote Reply Mmm, but if PLapierre's network is still called 'NETGEAR' then the password is easily guessable. -- "I don't have a lot of use for Coldplay most of the time" -- rwintle http://network.nature.com/blogs/user/rpg Go to Top of Page jooly Senior Member United Kingdom 740 Posts Posted - February 18 2008 : 4:14:52 PM Show Profile Visit jooly's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply Well... ours is called Belkin something or other, and it's fully password protected. Unfortunately (being a cheap and nasty belkin) it gets horrifically unstable if we try to change too many settings on it, like assigning an SSID or using MAC address control. If I'd paid for it, I'd be demanding my money back, but it came with the house.Go to Top of Page PLapierre Senior Member Canada 262 Posts Posted - February 18 2008 : 5:06:50 PM Show Profile Visit PLapierre's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply Ok As of 16:54 PM Eastern Time, my Network is now called er7tr6re7e98r6987re6e9r8t. Somehow i feel more secure now Go to Top of Page jooly Senior Member United Kingdom 740 Posts Posted - February 18 2008 : 5:12:39 PM Show Profile Visit jooly's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply 'Tree' would be just as secure, methinks. Right, bed now. Getting up at 4am (GMT)Go to Top of Page Quicksilver Member United Kingdom 73 Posts Posted - February 19 2008 : 05:26:34 AM Show Profile Visit Quicksilver's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply resisting the urge to tell everyone you meet would be even more secureGo to Top of Page lovesthelab Senior Member United States 1032 Posts Posted - February 19 2008 : 09:19:22 AM Show Profile Visit lovesthelab's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply quote: I'm guessing it's either JRRTolkein or silmarillion Nothing even remotely Tolkien. heh heh heh... been there, done that more times than I care to admitGo to Top of Page PLapierre Senior Member Canada 262 Posts Posted - February 19 2008 : 3:14:31 PM Show Profile Visit PLapierre's Homepage Reply with Quote Reply quote: resisting the urge to tell everyone you meet would be even more secure Oops... http://www.scienceboard.org/forum/to...Title=Software SO GLAD WE HAVE EDUCATION IN THE FORUM
Give me your opinion insights and summary or how you understand this..? CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS Article One Basic Air Quality Policies SECTION 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999". SECTION 2. Declaration of Principles. - The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. The State shall promote and protect the global environment to attain sustainable development while recognizing the primary responsibility of local government units to deal with environmental problems. The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and environment is primarily area-based. The State also recognizes the principle that "polluters must pay". Finally, the State recognizes that a clean and healthy environment is for the good of all and should therefore be the concern of all. SECTION 3. Declaration of Policies. - The State shall pursue a policy of balancing development and environmental protection. To achieve this end, the frame work for sustainable development shall be pursued. It shall be the policy of the State to: a. Formulate a holistic national program of air pollution management that shall be implemented by the government through proper delegation and effective coordination of functions and activities; b. Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among citizens and industries through the application of market-based instruments; c. Focus primarily on pollution prevention rather than on control and provide for a comprehensive management program for air pollution; d. Promote public information and education and to encourage the participation of an informed and active public in air quality planning and monitoring; and e. Formulate and enforce a system of accountability for short and long-term adverse environmental impact of a project, program or activity. This shall include the setting up of a funding or guarantee mechanism for clean-up and environmental rehabilitation and compensation for personal damages. SECTION 4. Recognition of Rights. - Pursuant to the above-declared principles, the following rights of citizens are hereby sought to be recognized and the State shall seek to guarantee the enjoyment: a. The right to breathe clean air; b. The right to utilize and enjoy all natural resources according to the principles of sustainable development; c. The right to participate in the formulation, planning, implementation and monitoring of environmental policies and programs and in the decision-making process; d. The right to participate in the decision-making process concerning development policies, plans and programs projects or activities that may have adverse impact on the environment and public health; e. The right to be informed of the nature and extent of the potential hazard of any activity, undertaking or project and to be served timely notice of any significant rise in the level of pollution and the accidental or deliberate release into the atmosphere of harmful or hazardous substances; f. The right of access to public records which a citizen may need to exercise his or her rights effectively under this Act; g. The right to bring action in court or quasi-judicial bodies to enjoin all activities in violation of environmental laws and regulations, to compel the rehabilitation and cleanup of affected area, and to seek the imposition of penal sanctions against violators of environmental laws;and h. The right to bring action in court for compensation of personal damages resulting from the adverse environmental and public health impact of a project or activity. Article Two Definition of Terms SECTION 5. -Definitions.- As used in this Act: a.) "Air pollutant" means any matter found in the atmosphere other than oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases in their natural or normal concentrations, that is detrimental to health or the environment, which includes but not limited to smoke, dust, soot, cinders, fly ash, solid particles of any king, gases, fumes, chemical mists, steam and radioactive substances; b.) "Air pollution" means any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or solid substances that will or is likely to create or to render the air resources of the country harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public health, safety or welfare or which will adversely affect their utilization for domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate purposes; c.) "Ambient air quality guideline values" means the concentration of air over specified periods classified as short-term and long-term which are intended to serve as goals or objectives for the protection of health and/or public welfare. These values shall be used for air quality management purposes such as determining time trends, evaluating stages of deterioration or enhancement o the air quality, and in general, used as basis or taking positive action in preventing, controlling, or abating air pollution; d.) "Ambient air quality" means the general amount of pollution present in a broad area; and refers to the atmosphere's average purity as distinguished from discharge measurements taken at the source of pollution; e.) "Certificate of Conformity" means a certificate issued by the Department o Environment and Natural Resources to a vehicle manufacturer/assembler or importer certifying that a particular new vehicle or vehicle type meets the requirements provided under this Act and its rules and regulations; f.) "Department" means the Department of Environment and Natural Resources; g.)" Eco-profile" means the geographic-based instrument for planners and decision makers which present an evaluation of the environment quality and carrying capacity of an area. It is the result of the integration of primary data and information on natural resources and antropogenic activities on the land which evaluated by various environmental risk assessment and forecasting methodologies that enable the Department to anticipate the type of development control necessary in the planning area. h.)" Emission" means any air contaminant, pollutant, gas stream or unwanted sound from a known source which is passed into the atmosphere; i.) " Greenhouse gases" means those gases that can potentially or can reasonably be expected to induce global warming, which include carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, chloroflourocarbons, and the like; j.) "Hazardous substances" means those substances which present either : (1) short-term acute hazards such as acute toxicity by ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption, corrosivity or other skin or eye contact hazard or the risk of fire explosion; or (2) long-term toxicity upon repeated exposure, carcinogecity (which in some cases result in acute exposure but with a long latent period), resistance to detoxification process such as biodegradation, the potential to pollute underground or surface waters; k.)" Infectious waste " means that portion of medical waste that could transmit an infectious disease; l.)" Medical waste" means that materials generated as a result of patient diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals; m.) " Mobile source" means any vehicle propelled by or thorough combustion of carbon-based or other fuel, constructed and operated principally for the conveyance of persons or the transportation of property goods; n.) " Motor vehicle" means any vehicle propelled by a gasoline or diesel engine or by any means other than human or animal power, constructed and operated principally for the conveyance of persons or the transportation of property or goods in a public highway or street open to public use; o.) " Municipal waste" means the waste materials generated from communities within a specific locality; p)." New vehicle" means a vehicle constructed entirely from new parts that has never been sold or registered with the DOTC or with the appropriate agency or authority, and operated on the highways of the Philippines, any foreign state of country; q.) " Octane Rating or the Anti-Knock Index(AKI)" means the rating of the anti-knock characteristics of a grade or type of automotive gasoline as determined by dividing by two (2) the sum of the Research Octane Number (RON), plus the Motor Octane Number (MON); the octane requirement, with respect to automotive gasoline for use in a motor vehicle or a class thereof , whether imported, manufactured, or assembled by a manufacturer, shall refer to the minimum octane rating of such automotive gasoline which such manufacturer recommends for the efficient operation of such motor vehicle, or a substantial portion of such class, without knocking; r.) " Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)" means those substances that significantly deplete or otherwise modify the ozone layer in a manner that is likely to result in adverse effects of human health and the environment such as , but not limited to , chloroflourocarbons, halons and the like; s.) "Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)" means the organic compounds that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. These compounds resist photolytic, chemical and biological degradation, which shall include but not be limited to dioxin, furan, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, such as aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, hexachlorobenzene, lindane, toxaphere and chlordane; t.) "Poisonous and toxic fumes" means any emissions and fumes which are beyond internationally-accepted standards, including but not limited to the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values; u. " Pollution control device " means any device or apparatus used to prevent, control or abate the pollution of air caused by emissions from identified pollution sources at levels within the air pollution control standards established by the Department; v.) " Pollution control technology" means the pollution control devices, production process, fuel combustion processes or other means that effectively prevent or reduce emissions or effluent; w.) " Standard of performance " means a standard for emissions of air pollutant which reflects the degree of emission limitation achievable through the application of the best system of emission reduction, taking into account the cost of achieving such reduction and any non-air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirement which the Department determines, and adequately demonstrates; and x.) " Stationary source" means any building or immobile structure, facility or installation which emits or may emit any air pollutant. CHAPTER 2 AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Article One General Provisions SEC. 6. Air Quality Monitoring and Information Network - The Department shall prepare an annual National Air Quality Status Report which shall be used as the basis in formulating the Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework, as provided for in Sec. 7. The said report shall include, but shall not be limited to the following: a.) Extent of pollution in the country, per type of pollutant and per type of source, based on reports of the Department's monitoring stations; b.) Analysis and evaluation of the current state, trends and projections of air pollution at the various levels provided herein; c.) Identification of critical areas, activities, or projects which will need closer monitoring or regulation; d.) Recommendations for necessary executive and legislative action; and e.) Other pertinent qualitative and quantitative information concerning the extent of air pollution and the air quality performance rating of industries in the country. The Department, in cooperation with the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB), shall design and develop an information network for data storage, retrieval and exchange. The Department shall serve as the central depository of all data and information related to air quality. SEC. 7. Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework.- The Department shall within six (6) months after the effectivity of this Act, establish, with the participation of LGUs, NGOs, POs, the academe and other concerned entities from the private sector, formulate and implement the Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework for a comprehensive air pollution management and control program. The framework shall, among others, prescribe the emission reduction goals using permissible standards, control strategies and control measures to undertaken within a specified time period, including cost-effective use of economic incentives, managements strategies, collective actions, and environmental education and information. The Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework shall be adopted as the official blueprint with which all government agencies must comply with to attain and maintain ambient air quality standards. SEC. 8 Air Quality Control Action Plan- Within six (6) months after the formulation of the framework, the Department shall, with public participation, formulate and implement an air quality control action plan consistent with Sec. 7 of this Act. The action plan shall : a.) Include enforceable emission limitations and other control measures, means or techniques, as well as schedules and time tables for compliance, as may be necessary or appropriate to meet the applicable requirements of this Act; b.) Provide for the establishment and operation of appropriate devices, methods, systems and procedures necessary to monitor, compile and analyze data on ambient air quality; c.) Include a program to provide for the following : (1) enforcement of the measures described in subparagraph (a);(2) regulation of the modification and construction of any stationary source within the areas covered by the plan, in accordance with land use policy to ensure that ambient air quality standards are achieved; d). Contain adequate provisions, consistent with the provisions of this Act, prohibiting any source or other types of emissions activity within the country from emitting any air pollutant in amounts which will significantly contribute to the non-attainment or will interfere with the maintenance by the Department of any such ambient air quality standard required to be included in the implementation plan to prevent significant deterioration of air quality or to protect visibility; e.) Include control strategies and control measures to be undertaken within a specified time period, including cost effective use of economic incentives, management strategies, collection action and environmental education and information; f.) Designate airsheds; and g.)All other measures necessary for the effective control and abatement of air pollution. The adoption of the plan shall clarify the legal effects on the financial, manpower and budgetary resources of the affected government agencies, and on the alignment of their programs with the plans. In addition to direct regulations, the plan shall be characterized by a participatory approach to the pollution problem. The involvement of private entities in the monitoring and testing of emissions from mobile and/or stationary sources shall be considered. Likewise, the LGU's, with the assistance from the Department, shall prepare and develop an action plan consistent with the Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework to attain and maintain the ambient air quality standards with their respective airsheds as provided in Sec. 9 hereof. The local government units shall develop and submit to the Department as procedure for carrying out the action plan for their jurisdiction. The Department, however, shall maintain its authority to independently inspect the enforcement procedure adopted. The Department shall have the power to closely supervise all or parts of the air quality action plan until such time the local government unit concerned can assume the function to enforce the standards set by the Department. A multi-sectoral monitoring team with broad public representation shall be convened by the Department for each LGU to conduct periodic inspections of air pollution sources to assess compliance with emission limitations contained in their permits. SEC. 9 Airsheds. - Pursuant to Sec. 8 of this Act, the designation of airsheds shall be on the basis of, but not limited to, areas with similar climate, meteorology and topology which affect the interchange and diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere, or areas which share common interest or face similar development programs, prospects or problems. For a more effective air quality management, a system of planning and coordination shall be established and a common action plan shall be formulated for each airshed. To effectively carry out the formulated actions plans, a Governing Board is hereby created, hereinafter referred to as the Board. The Board shall be headed by the Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources as chairman. The members shall be as follows: a.) Provincial Governors from areas belonging to the airshed; b.) City/Municipal Mayors from areas belonging to the airshed; c.) A representative from each concerned government agency; d.) Representatives from people's organizations; e.) Representatives from non-government organizations; and f.) Representatives from the private sector. The Board shall perform the following functions: a.) Formulation of policies; b.) Preparation of a common action plan; c.) Coordination of functions among its members; and d.) Submission and publication of an annual Air Quality Status Report for each airshed. Upon consultation with appropriate local government authorities, the Department shall, from time to time, revise the designation of airsheds utilizing eco-profiling techniques and undertaking scientific studies. Emissions trading may be allowed among pollution sources within an airshed. SEC. 10. Management of Nonattainment Areas.- The Department shall designate areas where specific pollutants have already exceeded ambient standards as nonattainment areas. The Department shall prepare and implement a program that will prohibit new sources of exceeded air pollutant without a corresponding reduction in existing resources. In coordination with other appropriate government agencies, the LGUs shall prepare and implement a program and other measures including relocation, whenever necessary, to protect the health and welfare of residents in the area. For those designated as nonattainment areas, the Department, after consultation with local government authorities, nongovernment organizations (NGOs), people's organizations (POs) and concerned sectors may revise the designation of such areas and expand its coverage to cover larger areas depending on the condition of the areas. SEC. 11 Air Quality Control Techniques - Simultaneous with the issuance of the guideline values and standards, the Department, through the research and development program contained in this Act and upon consultation with appropriate advisory committees, government agencies and LGUs, shall issue, and from time to time, revise information on air pollution control techniques. Such information shall include: a.) Best available technology and alternative methods of prevention, management and control of air pollution; b.) Best available technology economically achievable which shall refer to the technological basis/standards for emission limits applicable to existing, direct industrial emitters of nonconventional and toxic pollutants; and c.) Alternative fuels, processes and operating methods which will result in the eliminator or significant reduction of emissions. Such information may also include data relating to the cost of installation and operation, energy requirements, emission reduction benefits, and environmental impact or the emission control technology. The issuance of air quality guideline values, standards and information on air quality control techniques shall be made available to the general public : Provided, That the issuance of information on air quality control techniques shall not be construed as requiring the purchase of certain pollution control devices by the public. SECTION 12. Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values and Standards.- The Department, in coordination with other concerned agencies, shall review and or revise and publish annually a list of hazardous air pollutants with corresponding ambient guideline values and / or standard necessary to protect health and safety, and general welfare. The initial list and values of the hazardous air pollutants shall be as follows : a.) For National Ambient Air Quality Guideline for Criteria Pollutants : Short Term a Long Term b Pollutants µg/Ncm ppm Averaging Time µg/Ncm ppm Averaging Time Suspended Particulate Matterc-TSP 230d 24 hours 90 -- 1 yeare -PM-10 150f 24 hours 60 -- 1 yeare Sulfur Dioxidec 180 0.07 24 hours 80 0.03 1 year Nitrogen Dioxide 150 0.08 24 hours -- -- -- Photochemical Oxidants 140 0.07 1 hour -- -- --- As Ozone 60 0.03 8 hours -- -- -- Carbon Monoxide 35 30 1 hour -- -- -- mg/Ncm 10 9 8 hours -- -- -- mg/Ncm Leadg 1.5 -- 3 monthsg 1.0 -- 1 year a.Maximum limits represented by ninety-eight percentile (98%) values not to be exceed more than once a year. b. Arithmetic mean c. SO2 and Suspended Particulate matter are sampled once every six days when using the manual methods. A minimum of twelve sampling days per quarter of forty-eight sampling days each year is required for these methods. Daily sampling may be done in the future once continuous analyzers are procured and become available. d. Limits for Total Suspended Particulate Matter with mass median diameter less than 25-50 um. e. Annual Geometric Mean f. Provisional limits for Suspended Particulate Matter with mass median diameter less than 10 microns and below until sufficient monitoring data are gathered to base a proper guideline. g. Evaluation of this guideline is carried out for 24-hour averaging time and averaged over three moving calendar months. The monitored average value for any three months shall not exceed the guideline value. b) For National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Source Specific Air Pollutants from : Industrial Sources/ Operations: Pollutants1 Concentration2 Averaging time (min.) Method of Analysis/ Measurement3 µ/Ncm ppm 1. Ammonia 200 0.28 30 Nesselerization/ Indo Phenol 2. Carbon Disulfide 30 0.01 30 Tischer Method 3. Chlorine and Chlorine Compounds expressed as Cl2 100 0.03 5 Methyl Orange 4. Formaldehyde 50 0.04 30 Chromotropic acid Method or MBTH Colorimetric Method 5. Hydrogen Chloride 200 0.13 30 Volhard Titration with Iodine Solution 6. Hydrogen Sulfide 100 0.07 30 Methylene Blue 7. Lead 20 30 AASc 8. Nitrogen Dioxide 375,260 0.20,0.14 30,60 Greiss- Saltzman 9. Phenol 100 0.03 30 4-Aminoantiphyrine 10. Sulfur Dioxide 470, 340 0.18, 0.13 30,60 Colorimetric-Pararosaniline 11. Suspended Particulate Matter-TSP 300 -- 60 Gravimetric 1 Pertinent ambient standards for Antimony, Arsenic, Cadmium, Asbestos, Nitric Acid and Sulfuric Acid Mists in the 1978 NPCC Rules and Regulations may be considered as guides in determining compliance. 2 Ninety- eight percentile (98%) values of 30-minute sampling measured at 250C and one atmosphere pressure. 3 Other equivalent methods approved by the Department may be used. The basis in setting up the ambient air quality guideline values and standards shall reflect, among others, the latest scientific knowledge including information on : a) Variable, including atmospheric conditions, which of themselves or in combination with other factors may alter the effects on public health or welfare of such air pollutant; b) The other types of air pollutants which may interact with such pollutant to produce an adverse effect on public health or welfare; and c) The kind and extent of all identifiable effects on public health or welfare which may be expected from presence of such pollutant in the ambient air, in varying quantities. The Department shall base such ambient air quality standards on World Health Organization (WHO) standards, but shall not be limited to nor be less stringent than such standards. SEC. 13. Emission Charge System. - The Department, in case of industrial dischargers, and the Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC), in case of motor vehicle dischargers, shall, based on environmental techniques, design, impose on and collect regular emission fees from said dischargers as part of the emission permitting system or vehicle registration renewal system, as the case may be. The system shall encourage the industries and motor vehicles to abate, reduce, or prevent pollution. The basis of the fees include, but is not limited to, the volume and toxicity of any emitted pollutant. Industries, which shall install pollution control devices or retrofit their existing facilities with mechanisms that reduce pollution shall be entitled to tax incentives such as but not limited total credits and/or accelerated depreciation deductions. SEC. 14 Air Quality Management Fund. - An Air Quality Management Fund to be administered by the Department as a special account in the National Treasury is hereby established to finance containment, removal, and clean-up operations of the Government in air pollution cases, guarantee restoration of ecosystems and rehabilitate areas affected by the acts of violators of this Act, to support research, enforcement and monitoring activities and capabilities of the relevant agencies, as well as to provide technical assistance to the relevant agencies. Such fund may likewise be allocated per airshed for the undertakings herein stated. The Fund shall be sourced from the fines imposed and damages awarded to the Republic of the Philippines by the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB), proceeds of licenses and permits issued by the Department under this Act, emission fees and from donations, endowments and grants in the forms of contributions. Contributions to the Fund shall be exempted from donor taxes and all other taxes, charges or fees imposed by the Government. SEC. 15. Air Pollution Research and Development Program. - The Department, in coordination with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), other agencies, the private sector, the academe, NGO's and PO's, shall establish a National Research and Development Program for the prevention and control of air pollution. The Department shall give special emphasis to research on and the development of improved methods having industry-wide application for the prevention and control of air pollution. Such a research and development program shall develop air quality guideline values and standards in addition to internationally-accepted standards. It shall also consider the socio-cultural, political and economic implications of air quality management and pollution control. ARTICLE TWO Air Pollution Clearances and Permits for Stationary Sources Sec. 16. Permits. Consistent with the provisions of this Act, the Department shall have the authority to issue permits as it may determine necessary for the prevention and abatement of air pollution. Said permits shall cover emission limitations for the regulated air pollutants to help attain and maintain the ambient air quality standards. These permits shall serve as management tools for the LGUs in the development of their action plan. SEC. 17 Emission Quotas. The Department may allow each regional industrial center that is designated as special airshed to allocate emission quotas to pollution sources within its jurisdiction that qualify under an environmental impact assessment system programmatic compliance program pursuant to the implementing rules and regulations of Presidential Decree No. 1586. SEC. 18. Financial Liability for Environmental Rehabilitation. As Part of the environmental management plan attached to the environmental compliance certificate pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 1586 and rules and regulations set therefore, the Department shall require program and project proponents to put up financial guarantee mechanisms to finance the needs for emergency response, clean-up rehabilitation of areas that may be damaged during the program or project's actual implementation. Liability for damages shall continue even after the termination of a program or project, where such damages are clearly attributable to that program or project and for a definite period to be determined by the Department and incorporated into the environmental compliance certificate. Financial liability instruments may be in the form a trust fund, environmental insurance, surety bonds, letters of credit, as well as self-insurance. The choice of the guarantee instruments shall furnish the Department with evidence of availment of such instruments. ARTICLE THREE Pollution from Stationary Sources SEC. 19. Pollution From Stationary Sources.- The Department shall, within two (2) years from the effectivity of this Act, and every two (2) years thereafter, review, or as the need therefore arises, revise and publish emission standards, to further improve the emission standards for stationary sources of air pollution. Such emission standards shall be based on mass rate of emission for all stationary source of air pollution based on internationally accepted standards, but not be limited to, nor be less stringent than such standards and with the standards set forth in this section. The standards, whichever is applicable, shall be the limit on the acceptable level of pollutants emitted from a stationary source for the protection of the public's health and welfare. With respect to any trade, industry, process and fuel-burning equipment or industrial plant emitting air pollutants, the concentration at the point of emission shall not exceed the following limits: Pollutants Standard Applicable to Source Maximum Permissible Limits (mg/Ncm) Method of Analysisa 1. Antimony and Its compounds any source 10 as Sb AASb 2. Arsenic and its compounds Any source 10 as As AASb 3. Cadmium and its compounds Any source 10 as Cd AASb 4. Carbon Monoxide Any industrial Source 500 as CO Orsat analysis 5. Copper and its Compounds Any industrial source 100 ax Cu AASb 6. Hydrofluoric Acids and Fluoride compounds Any source other than the manufacture of Aluminum from Alumina 50 as HF Titration with Ammonium Thiocyanate 7. Hydrogen Sulfide i) Geothermal Power Plants c.d Cadmium Sulfide Method ii) Geothermal Exploration and well-testing e iii) Any source other than (i) and (ii) 7 as H2S Cadmium Sulfide Method 8. Lead Any trade, industry or process 10 as Pb AASb 9. Mercury Any Source 5 as elemental Hg AASb/Cold-Vapor Technique or Hg Analyzer 10. Nickel and its compounds, except Nickel Carbonyl f Any source 20 as Ni AASb 11. NOx i) Manufacture of Nitric Acid 2,000 as acid and NOx and calculated as NO2 Phenol-disulfonic acid Method ii) Fuel burning steam generators Phenol-disulfonic acid Method Existing Source 1,500 as NO2 New Source • Coal-Fired 1,000 as NO2 • Oil-Fired 500 as NO2 iii) Any source other than (i) adn (ii) Phenol-disulfonic acid Method Existing Source 1000 as NO2 New Source 500 as NO2 12. Phosphorus Pentoxideg Any source 200 as P2O5 Spectrophotometry 13. Zinc and its Compounds Any source 100 as Zn AASb a Other equivalent methods approved by the Department may be used. b Atomic Absorption Specttrophotometry c All new geothermal power plants starting construction by 01 January 1995 shall control HsS emissions to not more than 150 g/GMW-Hr d All existing geothermal power plants shall control HsS emissions to not more than 200 g/GMW-Hr within 5 years from the date of effectivity of these revised regulations. e Best practicable control technology for air emissions and liquid discharges. Compliance with air and water quality standards is required. f Emission limit of Nickel Carbonyl shall not exceed 0.5 mg/Ncm. g Provisional Guideline Provided, that the maximum limits in mg/ncm particulates in said sources shall be : 1. Fuel Burning Equipment a) Urban or Industrial Area 150 mg/Ncm b) Other Area 200 mg/Ncm 2. Cement Plants (Kilns, etc.) 150 mg/Ncm 3. Smelting Furnaces 150 mg/Ncm 4. Other Stationary Sourcesa 200 mg/Ncm a Other Stationary Sources means a trade, process, industrial plant, or fuel burning equipment other than thermal power plants, industrial boilers, cement plants, incinerators and smelting furnaces. Provided, further, that the maximum limits for sulfur oxides in said sources shall be : (1) Existing Sources (i) Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid and Sulf(on)ation Process 2.0gm.Ncm as SO3 (ii) Fuel burning Equipment 1.5gm.Ncm as SO2 (iii) Other Stationary Sourcesa 1.0gm.Ncm as SO3 (2) New Sources (i) Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid and Sulf(on)ation Process 1.5 gm.Ncm as SO3 (ii) Fuel Burning Equipment 0.7 gm.Ncm as SO2 (iii) Other Stationary Sourcesa 0.2 gm.Ncm as SO3 a Other Stationary Sources refer to existing and new stationary sources other than those caused by the manufacture of sulfuric acid and sulfonation process, fuel burning equipment and incineration. For Stationary sources of pollution not specifically included in the immediately preceding paragraph, the following emission standards shall not be exceeded in the exhaust gas : I. Daily And Half Hourly Average Values Daily Average Values Half Hourly Average Values Total dust 10 mg/m3 30 mg/m3 Gaseous and vaporous organic substances, expressed as total organic carbon 10 mg/m3 20 mg/m3 Hydrogen chloride (HCl) 10 mg/m3 60 mg/m3 Hydrogen fluoride (HF) 1 mg/m3 4 mg/m3 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 50 mg/m3 200 mg/m3 Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), expressed as nitrogen dioxide for incineration plants with a capacity exceeding 3 tonnes per hour 200 mg/m3 400 mg/m3 Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), expressed as nitrogen dioxide for incineration plants with a capacity of 3 tonnes per hour or less 300 mg/m3 Ammonia 10 mg/m3 20 mg/m3 II. All the Average Values over the Sample Period of a Minimum of 4 and Maximum of 8 Hours. Cadmium and its compounds, expressed as cadmium (Cd) total 0.05 Thallium and its compounds, expressed as thallium (Tl) mg/m3 Mercury and its Compounds, expressed as mercury (Hg) 0.05 mg/m3 Antimony and its compounds, expressed as antimony (Sb) Arsenic and its compounds, expressed as arsenic (As) total 0.5 mg/m3 Lead and its compounds, expressed as lead ( Pb) Chromium and its compounds, expressed as chromium (Cr) Cobalt and its compounds, expressed as cobalt (Co) Copper and its compounds, expressed as copper (Cu) Manganese and its compounds, expressed as manganese (Mn) Nickel and its compounds, expressed as nickel (Ni) Vanadium and its compounds, expressed as vanadium (V) Tin and its compounds, expressed as tin (Sn) These average value cover also gaseous and the vapor forms of the relevant heavy metal emission as well as their compounds. Provided, that the emission of dioxins and furans into the air shall be reduced by the most progressive techniques. Provided, further that all average of dioxin and furans measured over the sample period of a minimum of 5 hours and maximum of 8 hours must not exceed the limit value of 0.1 nanogram/m3. Pursuant to Sec. 8 of this Act, the Department shall prepare a detailed action plan setting the emission standards or standards of performance for any stationary source the procedure for testing emissions for each type of pollutant, and the procedure for enforcement of said standards. Existing industries, which are proven to exceed emission rates established by the Department in consultation with stakeholders, after a thorough, credible and transparent measurement process shall be allowed a grace period of eighteen (18) months for the establishment of an environmental management system and the installation of an appropriate air pollution control device : Provided, That an extension of not more than twelve (12) months may be allowed by the Department on meritorious grounds. SEC. 20 Ban on Incineration.- Incineration , hereby defined as the burning of municipal, biomedical and hazardous waste, which process emits poisonous and toxic fumes is hereby prohibited; Provided, however, That the prohibition shall not apply to traditional small-scale method of community/neighborhood sanitation "siga", traditional, agricultural, cultural, health, and food preparation and crematoria; Provided, further, That existing incinerators dealing with a biomedical wastes shall be out within three (3) years after the effectivity of this Act; Provided, finally, that in the interim, such units shall be limited to the burning of pathological and infectious wastes, and subject to close monitoring by the Department. Local government units are hereby mandated to promote, encourage and implement in their respective jurisdiction a comprehensive ecological waste management that includes waste segregation, recycling and composting. With due concern on the effects of climate change, the Department shall promote the use of state-of-the-art, environmentally-sound and safe non-burn technologies for the handling, treatment, thermal destruction, utilization, and disposal of sorted, unrecycled, uncomposted, biomedical and hazardous wastes. ARTICLE FOUR Pollution from Motor Vehicles Sec. 21. Pollution from Motor Vehicles. a) The DOTC shall implement the emission standards for motor vehicles set pursuant to and as provided in this Act. To further improve the emission standards, the Department shall review, revise and publish the standards every two (2) years, or as the need arises. It shall consider the maximum limits for all major pollutants to ensure substantial improvement in air quality for the health, safety and welfare of the general public. The following emission standards for type approval of motor vehicles shall be effective by the year 2003: a.) For light duty vehicles, the exhausts emission limits for gaseous pollutants shall be: Emission Limits for Light Duty Vehicles Type Approval (Directive 91/441/EEC) CO (g/km) HC + NOx (g/km) PMa (g/km) 2.72 0.97 0.14 a for compression-ignition engines only b) For light commercial vehicles, the exhaust emission limit of gaseous pollutants as a function of the given reference mass shall be : Reference Weight (RW) (kg) CO (g/km) HC + NOx (g/km) PMa (g/km) Category 1 1250< RW 2.72 0.97 0.14 Category 2 1250< RW<1700 5.17 1.4 0.19 Category 3 RW>1700 6.9 1.7 0.25 a for compression-ignition engines only c.) For heavy duty vehicles, the exhaust emission limits of gaseous pollutants shall be : Emission Limits for Heavy Duty Vehicles Type Approval (Directive 91/542/EEC) CO (g/k/Wh) HC (g/k/Wh) NOx (g/k/Wh) PM (g/k/Wh) 4.5 1.1 8.0 0.36a a In the case of engines of 85 kW or less, the limit value for particular emissions in increased by multiplying the quoted limit by a coefficient of 1.7 Fuel evaporative emission for spark-ignition engines shall not exceed 2.0 grams hydrocarbons per test. Likewise, it shall not allow any emission of gases from crankcase ventilation system into the atmosphere. b.) The Department, in collaboration with the DOTC, DTI and LGUs, shall develop an action plan for the control and management of air pollution from motor vehicles consistent with the Integrated Air Quality Framework. The DOTC shall enforce compliance with the emission standards for motor vehicles set by the Department. The DOTC may deputize other law enforcement agencies and LGUs for this purpose. To this end, the DOTC shall have the power to : (1) Inspect and monitor the emissions of motor vehicles ; (2) Prohibit or enjoin the use of motor vehicles or a class of motor vehicles in any area or street at specified times; and (3) Authorize private testing emission testing centers duly accredited by the DTI. c.) The DOTC, together with the DTI and the Department, shall establish the procedures for the inspection of motor vehicles and the testing of their emissions for the purpose of determining the concentration and/or rate of pollutants discharged by said sources. d.) In order to ensure the substantial reduction of emissions from a motor vehicles, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), together with the DOTC and the Department shall formulate and implement a national motor vehicle inspection and maintenance program that will promote efficient and safe operation of all motor vehicles. In this regard, the DTI shall develop and implement standards and procedures for the certification of training institutions, instructors and facilities and the licensing of qualified private service centers and their technicians as prerequisite for performing the testing, servicing, repair and the required adjustment to the vehicle emission system. The DTI shall likewise prescribe regulations requiring the disclosure of odometer readings and the use of tamper-resistant odometers for all motor vehicles including tamper-resistant fuel management systems for the effective implementation of the inspection and maintenance program. SEC. 22 Regulation of All Motor Vehicles and Engines. Any imported new or locally-assembled new motor vehicle shall not be registered unless it complies with the emission standards set pursuant to this Act, as evidenced by a Certificate of Conformity (COC) issued by the Department. Any imported new motor vehicle engine shall not be introduced into commerce, sold or used unless it complies with emission standards set pursuant to this Act. Any imported used motor vehicle or rebuilt motor vehicle using new or used engines, major parts or components shall not be registered unless it complies with the emission standards. In case of non-compliance, the importer or consignee may be allowed to modify or rebuild the vehicular engine so it will be in compliance with applicable emission standards. No motor vehicle registration (MVR) shall be issued unless such motor vehicle passes the emission testing requirement promulgated in accordance with this Act. Such testing shall be conducted by the DOTC or its authorized inspection centers within sixty (60) days prior to date of registration. The DTI shall promulgate the necessary regulations prescribing the useful life of vehicles and engines including devices in order to ensure that such vehicles will conform to the emissions which they were certified to meet. These regulations shall include provisions for ensuring the durability of emission devices. SEC. 23. Second-Hand Motor Vehicle Engines. Any imported second-hand motor vehicle engine shall not be introduced into commerce, sold or used unless it complies with emission standards set pursuant to this Act. ARTICLE FIVE- Pollution from Other Sources SEC. 24 Pollution from smoking. Smoking inside a public building or an enclosed public place including public vehicles and other means of transport or in any enclosed area outside of one's private residence, private place of work or any duly designated smoking area is hereby prohibited under this Act. This provision shall be implemented by the LGUs. SEC. 25. Pollution from other Mobile Sources. The Department, in coordination with appropriate agencies, shall formulate and establish the necessary standards for all mobile sources other than those referred to in Sec. 21 of this Act. The imposition of the appropriate fines and penalties from these sources for any violation of emission standards shall be under the jurisdiction of the DOTC. CHAPTER 3 FUELS, ADDITIVES, SUBSTANCES AND POLLUTANTS Article One- Fuels, Additives and Substances SEC. 26 Fuels and Additives. Pursuant to the Air Quality Framework to be established under Section 7 of this Act, the Department of Energy (DOE), co-chaired by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), in consultation with the Bureau of Product Standards (BPS) of the DTI, the DOST, the representatives of the fuel and automotive industries, academe and the consumers shall set the specifications for all types of fuel and fuel-related products, to improve fuel composition for increased efficiency and reduced emissions; Provided, however, that the specifications for all types of fuel and fuel-related products set-forth pursuant to this section shall be adopted by the BPS as Philippine National Standards (PNS). The DOE, shall also specify the allowable content of additives in all types of fuels and fuel-related products. Such standards shall be based primarily on threshold levels of health and research studies. On the basis of such specifications, the DOE shall likewise limit the content or begin that phase-out of additives in all types of fuels and fuel-related products as it may deem necessary. Other agencies involved in the performance of this function shall be required to coordinate with the DOE and transfer all documents and information necessary for the implementation of this provision. Consistent with the provisions of the preceding paragraphs under this section, it is declared that : a. not later than eighteen (18) months after the effectivity of this Act, no person shall manufacture, import, sell, supply, offer for sale, dispense, transport or introduce into commerce unleaded premium gasoline fuel which has an anti-knock index (AKI) of not less that 87.5 and Reid vapor pressure of not more than 9 psi. Within six (6) months after the effectivity of this Act, unleaded gasoline fuel shall contain aromatics not to exceed forty-five percent (45%) by volume and benzene not to exceed four percent (4%) by volume; Provided, that by year 2003, unleaded gasoline fuel should contain aromatics not to exceed thirty-five percent (35%) by volume and benzene not to exceed two percent (2%) by volume; b. not later than eighteen (18) months after the effectivity of this Act, no person shall manufacture, import, sell, supply , offer for sale, dispense, transport or introduce into commerce automotive diesel fuel which contains a concentration of sulfur in excess of 0.20% by weight with a cetane number of index of not less than forty-eight (48); Provided, That by year 2004, content of said sulfur shall be 0.05% by weight ; and c. not later than eighteen (18) months after the effectivity of this Act, no Person shall manufacture, import, sell, supply, offer for sale, dispense, transport or introduce into commerce industrial diesel fuel which contains a concentration of sulfur in excess of 0.30% (by weight). Every two (2) years thereafter or as the need arises, the specifications of unleaded gasoline and of automotive and industrial diesel fuels shall be reviewed and revised for further improvement in formulation and in accordance with the provisions of this Act. The fuels characterized above shall be commercially available. Likewise, the same shall be the reference fuels for emission and testing procedures to be established in accordance with the provisions of this Act. Any proposed additive shall not in any way increase emissions of any of the regulated gases which shall include, but not limited to carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter, in order to be approved and certified by the Department. SEC. 27. Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives.- The DOE, in coordination with the Department and the BPS, shall regulate the use of any fuel or fuel additive. No manufacturer, processor or trader of any fuel or additive may import, sell, offer for sale, or introduce into commerce such fuel for additive unless the same has been registered with the DOE. Prior to registration, the manufacturer, processor or trader shall provide the DOE with the following relevant information: a. Product identity and composition to determine the potential health effects of such fuel additives; b. Description of the analytical technique that can be used to detect and measure the additive in any fuel ; c. Recommended range of concentration; and d. Purpose in the use of the fuel and additive. SEC. 28 Misfueling. In order to prevent the disabling of any emission control device by lead contamination, no person shall introduce or cause or allow the introduction of leaded gasoline into any motor vehicle equipped with a gasoline tank filler inlet and labeled " unleaded gasoline only ". This prohibition shall also apply to any person who knows or should know that such vehicle is designed solely for the use of unleaded gasoline. SEC. 29. Prohibition on Manufacture. Import and Sale of leaded Gasoline and of Engines and/or Components Requiring Leaded Gasoline. Effective not later than eighteen (18) months after the enactment of this Act, no person shall manufacture, import, sell, offer for sale, introduce into commerce, convey or otherwise dispose of , in any manner leaded gasoline and engines and components requiring the use of leaded gasoline. For existing vehicles, the DTI shall formulate standards and procedures that will allow non-conforming engines to comply with the use of unleaded fuel within five(5) years after the effectivity of this Act. Article Two Other Pollutants SEC. 30. Ozone-Depleting Substances. Consistent with the terms and conditions of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and other international agreements and protocols to which the Philippines is a signatory, the Department shall phase out ozone-depleting substances. Within sixty (60) days after the enactment of this Act, the Department shall publish a list of substances which are known to cause harmful effects on the stratospheric ozone layer. SEC. 31. Greenhouse Gases. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration (PAGASA) shall regularly monitor meteorological factors affecting environmental conditions including ozone depletion and greenhouse gases and coordinate with the Department in order to effectively guide air pollution monitoring and standard-setting activities. The Department, together with concerned agencies and local government units, shall prepare and fully implement a national plan consistent with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and other international agreements, conventions and protocols on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the country. SEC. 32. Persistent Organic Pollutants. The Department shall, within a period of two (2) years after the enactment of this Act, establish an inventory list of all sources of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Country. The Department shall develop short-term and long-term national government programs on the reduction and elimination of POPs such as dioxins and furans. Such programs shall be formulated within a year after the establishment of the inventory list. SEC. 33. Radioactive Emissions. All projects which will involve the use of atomic and/or nuclear energy, and will entail release and emission of radioactive substances into the environment, incident to the establishment or possession of nuclear energy facilities and radioactive materials, handling, transport, production, storage, and use of radioactive materials, shall be regulated in the interest of public health and welfare by the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI), in coordination with Department and other appropriate government agencies. CHAPTER 4 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM SEC. 34. Lead Agency.- The Department, unless otherwise provided herein, shall be the primary government agency responsible for the implementation and enforcement of this Act. To be more effective in this regard, The Department's Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) shall be converted from a staff bureau to a line bureau for a period of no more than two (2) years, unless a separate, comprehensive environmental management agency is created. SEC. 35 Linkage Mechanism. - The Department shall consult, participate, cooperate and enter into agreement with other government agencies, or with affected non-governmental (NGOs) or people's organizations (POs),or private enterprises in the furtherance of the objectives of this Act. SEC. 36. Role of Local Government Units.- Local Government units (LGUs) shall share the responsibility in the management and maintenance of air quality within their territorial jurisdiction. Consistent with Secs. 7,8 and 9 of this Act, LGUs shall implement air quality standards set by the Board in areas within their jurisdiction; Provided, however, that in case where the board has not been duly constituted and has not promulgated its standards, the standards set forth in this Act shall apply. The Department shall provide the LGUs with technical assistance, trainings and a continuing capability-building program to prepare them to undertake full administration of the air quality management and regulation within their territorial jurisdiction. SEC. 37 Environmental and Natural Resources Office.- There may be established an Environment and Natural Resources Office in every province, city, or municipality which shall be headed by the environment and natural resources officer and shall be appointed by the Chief Executive of every province, city or municipality in accordance with the provisions of Section 484 of Republic Act No. 7160. Its powers and duties, among others, are : a. To prepare comprehensive air quality management programs, plans and strategies within the limits set forth in Republic act. No. 7160 and this Act which shall be implemented within its territorial jurisdiction upon the approval of the sanggunian ; b. To provide technical assistance and support to the governor or mayor, as the case may be, in carrying out measures to ensure the delivery of basic services and the provision of adequate facilities relative to air quality; c. To take the lead in all efforts concerning air quality protection and rehabilitation; d. To recommend to the Board air quality standards which shall not exceed the maximum permissible standards set by rational laws ; e. To coordinate with other government agencies and non-governmental organizations in the implementation of measures to prevent and control air pollution; and f. Exercise such other powers and perform such duties and functions as may be prescribed by law or ordinance. Provided, however, that, in provinces/cities/municipalities where there are no environment and natural resources officers, the local executive concerned may designate any of his official and/ or chief of office preferably the provincial, city or municipal agriculturist, or any of his employee; Provided, finally, that in case an employee is designated as such, he must have a sufficient experience in environmental and natural resources management, conservation and utilization. SEC. 38 Record-keeping, Inspection, Monitoring and Entry by the Department.- The Department or its duly accredited entity shall, after proper consultation and notice, require any person who owns or operates any emissions source or who is subject to any requirement of this Act to : (a) establish and maintain relevant records; (b) make relevant reports; (c) install, use and maintain monitoring equipment or methods; (d) sample emission, in accordance with the methods, locations, intervals and manner prescribed by the Department; (e) keep records on control equipment parameters, production variables or other indirect data when direct monitoring of emissions is impractical; and (f) provide such other information as the Department may reasonably require. Pursuant to this Act, the Department, through its authorized representatives, shall have the right of : (a) entry of access to any premises including documents and relevant materials as referred to in the herein preceding paragraph, b) inspect any pollution or waste source, control device, monitoring equipment or method required, and c) test any emission. Any record, report or information obtained under this section shall be made available to the public, except upon a satisfactory showing to the Department by the entity concerned that the record, report or information, or parts thereof, if made public, would divulge secret methods or processes entitled to protection as intellectual property. Such record, report or information shall likewise be incorporated in the Department's industrial rating system. SEC. 39. Public Education and Information Campaign.- A continuing air quality information and education campaign shall promoted by the Department, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS), the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Philippine Information Agency (PIA). Consistent with Sec. 7 of this Act, such campaign shall encourage the participation of other government agencies and the private sector including NGOs, POs, the academe, environmental groups and other private entities in a multi-sectoral information campaign. CHAPTER 5 ACTIONS SEC. 40 Administrative Action.- Without prejudice to the right of any affected person to file an administrative action , the Department shall, on its own instance or upon verified complaint by any person, institute administrative proceedings against any person who violates: a) Standards or limitation provided under this Act; or b) Any order, rule or regulation issued by the Department with respect to such standard or limitation. SEC. 41. Citizen Suits. for purposes of enforcing the provisions of this Act or its implementing rules and regulations, any citizen may file an appropriate civil, criminal or administrative action in the proper courts against: (a) Any person who violates or fails to comply with the provisions of this Act or its implementing rules and regulations; or (b) The Department or other implementing agencies with respect to orders, rules and regulations issued inconsistent with this act; and/or (c) Any public officer who willfully or grossly neglects the performance of an act specifically enjoined as a duty by this Act or its implementing rules and regulations; or abuses his authority in the performance of his duty; or, in any manner, improperly performs his duties under this Act or its implementing rules and regulations: Provided, however, That no suit can be filed until thirty-day (30) notice has been taken thereon. The court shall exempt such action from the payment of filing fees, except fees for actions not capable of pecuniary estimations, and shall likewise, upon prima facie showing of the non-enforcement or violation complained of, exempt the plaintiff from the filing of an injunction bond for the issuance of a preliminary injunction. Within thirty (30) days, the court shall make a determination if the compliant herein is malicious and/or baseless and shall accordingly dismiss the action and award attorney's fees and damages. SEC .42 . Independence of Action.- The filing of an administrative suit against such person/entity does not preclude the right of any other person to file any criminal or civil action. Such civil action shall proceed independently. SEC. 43 Suits and Strategic Legal Actions Against Public Participation and the Enforcement of this act.- where a suit is brought against a a person who filed an action as provided in Sec. 41 of this Act, or against any person, institutions or government agency that implements this Act, it shall be the duty of the investigating prosecutor or the court, as the case may be, to immediately make a determination not exceeding thirty (30) days whether said legal action has been filed to harass, vex, exert undue pressure or stifle such legal recourses of the person complaining of or enforcing the provisions of this Act. Upon determination thereof , evidence warranting the same, the court shall dismiss the case and award attorney's fees and double damages. This provision shall also apply and benefit public officers who are sued for acts committed in their official capacity, their being no grave abuse of authority, and done in the course of enforcing this Act. SEC. 44 Lien Upon Personal and Immovable Properties of Violators. Fines and penalties imposed pursuant to this Act shall be liens upon personal immovable properties of the violator. Such lien shall, in case of insolvency of the respondent violator , enjoy preference to laborer's wages under Article 2241 and 2242 of Republic Act No. 386, otherwise known as the New Civil Code of the Philippines. CHAPTER 6 FINES AND PENALTIES SEC. 45. Violation of Standards for Stationary Sources. For actual exceedance of any pollution or air quality standards under this Act or its rules and regulations, the Department, through the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB), shall impose a fine of not more than One hundred thousand pesos ( P 100,000.00) for every day of violation against the owner or operator of a stationary source until such time that the standards have been complied with. For purposes of the application of the fines, the PAB shall prepare a fine rating system to adjust the maximum fine based on the violator's ability to pay, degree of willfulness, degree of negligence, history of noncompliance and degree of recalcitrance. Provided, That in case of negligence, the first time offender's ability to pay may likewise be considered by the Pollution Adjudication Board; Provided, further, That in the absence of any extenuating or aggravating circumstances, the amount of fine for negligence shall be equivalent to one-half of the fine for willful violation. The fines herein prescribed shall be increased by at least ten percent (10%), every three (3) years to compensate for inflation and to maintain the deterrent function of such fines. In addition to the fines, the PAB shall order closure, suspension of development, construction, or operations of the stationary sources until such time that proper environmental safeguards are put in place; Provided, that an establishment liable for a third offense shall suffer permanent closure immediately. This paragraph shall be without prejudice to the immediate issuance of an ex parte order for such closure, suspension of development or construction, or cessation of operations during the pendency of the case upon prima facie evidence that their is imminent threat to life, public health, safety or general welfare, or to plant or animal life, or whenever there is an exceedance of the emission standards set by the Department and/or the Board and/or the appropriate LGU. SEC. 46. Violation of Standards for Motor Vehicles. No motor vehicle shall be registered with the DOTC unless it meets the emission standards set by the Department as provided in Sec. 21 hereof. Any vehicle suspected of violation of emission standards through visual signs, such as, but not limited to smoke-belching, shall be subjected to an emission test by a duly authorized emission testing center. For this purpose, the DOTC or its authorized testing center shall establish a roadside inspection system. Should it be shown that there was no violation of emission standards, the vehicle shall be immediately released. Otherwise, a testing result indicating an exceedance of the emission standards would warrant the continuing custody of the impounded vehicle unless the appropriate penalties are fully paid, and the license plate is surrendered to the DOTC pending the fulfillment of the undertaking by the owner/operator of the motor vehicle to make the necessary repairs so as to comply with the standards. A pass shall herein be issued by the DOTC to authorize the use of the motor vehicle within a specified period that shall not exceed seven (7) days for the sole purpose of making the necessary repairs on the said vehicle. The owner/operator of the vehicle shall be required to correct its defects and show proof of compliance to the appropriate pollution control office before the vehicle can be allowed to be driven on any public or subdivision roads. In addition, the driver and operator of the apprehended vehicle shall undergo a seminar on pollution control managem
is this a good laptop? Condition: Refurbished Operating Systems: Windows® Vista™ Home Premium Platform: Notebook PC Expansion Ports: 1 - Express Card Slot/54 PS/2 Keyboard Connectors: N/A PS/2 Mouse Connectors: N/A Serial Communication Ports: N/A Parallel Ports: N/A USB Ports: 3 FireWire Ports: N/A Fast Infrared Ports (FIR): N/A LAN Ports: 1 Modem Ports: 1 Audio Out Jacks: 1 - SPDIF Line In Jacks: N/A Microphone Jacks: 1 VGA Ports: 1 S-Video Connectors: N/A DVI Video: N/A HDMI Ports: 1 Port Replicator/Connector: N/A Processor Brand: AMD Processor Class: Turion™ 64 X2 Dual-Core Mobile Technology TL-60 Processor Speed: 2.0GHz Processor FSB: up to 1600MHz Processor Cache: 2 x 512KB L2 Additional Technologies: HyperTransport™ Technology Memory Type: DDR2 Memory Size: 2GB (1GB X 2) Memory Speed: PC2-5300 Memory Slots (Total): 2 Memory Slots (Available): 0 Capacity: 250GB (5400 RPM) Optical Drive Type: Dual Layer DVD±RW/RAM with LabelFlash Supplemental Drive Type: Media Reader Capacity: 5 Media Types: SecureDigital Memory Stick xD-Picture Card Memory Stick PRO Multi Media Card Audio Description: Integrated Audio Audio Chipset: Hi-Definition (HD) Audio Support Graphics Description: Integrated Graphics GPU/VPU: ATI Radeon Xpress 1270 Video Memory: up tp 256MB of HyperMemory Video Interface: HDMI, VGA Communications Description: Integrated LAN Integrated Modem Integrated Wireless LAN Interface Type: RJ-11 Phone Connector RJ-45 Ethernet Connector 802.11g Wireless Networking Data Transfer Rate: 10/100Mbps NIC 56Kbps Modem 54 Mbps Protocols: V.92 802.11g Width: 14" 355.6 mm Height: 1.1" - 1.5", 25 - 38.1 mm Depth: 10" 254 mm Weight: 6.29 lbs 2.85 kg Mouse Type: Touch Pad Buttons: 2 Scrolling Capability: Vertical Scroll Up/Down Keyboard Type: Fullsize Display Type: Widescreen Ultrabright TFT WXGA Viewable Screen Size: 15.4" Maximum Resolution: 1280 x 800 Battery Type: 6-Cell Lithium-ion Battery Life: N/A Detailed Features A Closer Look Latest Owner Reviews 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.8 REVIEW BY: Reviewed Aug 07, 2008 Awesome, I'm so happy with mine. Mine looked brand spanking new. Very fast, the battery does last only 1 1/2 hours, but I got an extra battery for $65 on eBay used and it works nicely. Came with Vista, but I put WinXP on mine and found all the drivers on the internet. The construction is very sturdy hard plastic, none of the cheap flimsy stuff. Overall the value is great, it feels and looks more durable than laptops of the past, and is fast. Great buy. REVIEW BY: Rick M. Reviewed Aug 07, 2008 I bought this laptop a week ago.and received it Wednesday. Excellent condition, I would have thougt I just picked it up at a store. My only problem was when I allowed Norton Internet Security to load (60 day trial)and then brought up the internet, half way through loading, the system locked up. The only way to free it up was to manualy power down. I unistalled Norton and installed AVG Free. NO more problems !!!! This is a very fast easy to use laptop with all the bells and whistles. Also very fast shipping,3 days. VERY HAPPY REVIEW BY: fraqtured Reviewed Aug 06, 2008 i bought the T1625 which is essentially the same specs as this, and wanted to input the impression i drew from the t1625. first off, great price, amazing features, and with a laptop cooler running $40 dollars for a middle of the road model, this laptop will run cool [the only complaint i have found on these was the heat] and you will have picked yourself up a top with features running in some cases nearly twice as much in price of a non refurbs, which will only be the refurbs of tomorrow. run all the updates through gateway, and do a clean reinstall and pertition reformat when you unpack, it, it will take a little bit of time, but will point you in a much faster direction. this laptop is highly recomended in my opinion. REVIEW BY: Reviewed Aug 05, 2008 This is my first purchase from TD.com, and I'm very satisfied with it. The Turion 64 dualcore processor and the 2GB of RAM make short work of everything I throw at it; I have Pidgin (my IM client), Firefox (with 3 tabs open, including YouTube), LimeWire, and uTorrent all running at the same time and there is absolutely no slowdown whatsoever. My only gripes are that it gets a little bit hot when charging, and the battery only lasts for an hour and a half; I can deal with heat and the battery can be easily upgraded. The only thing you have to worry about with refurbished products is the look, not performance; Mine came with a small scratch in the top of the case, but performs like a champ. If you don't mind some minor cosmetic flaws, I'd definitely recommend this computer to anyone on a budget, especially at this price! Write a Review THIS ITEM IS REFURBISHED A Quality Verified Refurbished Product When an electronic product is shipped back to the manufacturer, for whatever reason, where it is inspected, restored to original specification (if needed), tested and/or repackaged for resale, the item can no longer sold as "new", but can only be sold as "refurbished". Our refurbished items are verified and restored to original working condition after undergoing an intensive inspection process by factory qualified service technicians. This allows us to offer refurbished products with confidence, and provide them to you at a substantially discounted price. See below for our warranty and available options. For more information about buying quality refurbished products, click here. What You Should Know Keep It Private! 3M Privacy Filters Help You Comply with Federal Confidentiality Laws 3M Privacy Computer Filters help companies comply with federal legislation requiring confidential personal information be kept confidential. 3M Privacy Computer filters can help medical facilities (i.e. hospitals, clinics, health insurance companies, etc.) comply with the Health Insurance Portability & Accessibility Act (HIPAA). The privacy filters are a simple accessory to desktop monitors, both LCD and CRT, as well as laptop computers. They darken the viewable area of the monitor screen when viewed from the side, which helps prevent the release of confidential personal information that must be protected. Similar legislation exists for those in the financial industry. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) places the same restrictions on banks, finance companies, mortgage companies and credit card companies, to name a few. They even help with PCI & SOX! Click Here to See all our 3M Privacy Filters » AMD Turion™ 64 Mobile Technology Is uniquely optimized to deliver AMD64 performance in thinner and lighter notebook PCs with longer battery life, enhanced security, and compatibility with the latest wireless and graphics technologies- today and tomorrow. The most advanced family of simultaneous 32- and 64-bit Windows®- compatible processors made for mobility; Uniquely optimized to deliver AMD64 performance in thinner and lighter notebook designs; Longer battery life, enhanced security with Enhanced Virus Protection* enabled by Windows XP SP2, and compatibility with the latest wireless and graphics technologies, today and tomorrow. Click Here To Learn More » Got Enough Memory? Bet You'll Need More! Windows Vista and today's software applications make much greater demands on your system's memory. Adding peripherals, like webcams, USB hard drives, and complex Internet pages, all take memory. Watching DVD movies, or watching videos on the web, or playing PC based games demand increased memory. So take full advantage of your system's potential, your operating system's enhancement and entertainment capabilities, and your software's productivity by expanding your system memory! The best time to add more memory is when you buy your system! Get the memory that's right for your computer, whether laptop, desktop, or All-In-One. Click Here for our Memory Upgrade Options. » Shared Memory? Or Where Did My Memory Go? Your computer uses memory to run your Operating System, applications, peripherals, and to generate and display graphics on your computer monitor. Video memory is a form of RAM, and is either built into your motherboard; or on a graphics card (video card). Depending on the motherboard's configuration, and that of the video card (if separate or built-in to the motherboard), your computer may have to draw on its own RAM memory to meet its video memory needs. This creates shared memory, where your computer’s RAM will be shared between its own Processor (CPU) and its graphics chip. The result is that some systems will have shared memory, some will not. If you have 2GB (for example) of system memory installed, you may notice that your system reports significantly less memory. This is because your system is using shared memory for your video. What can you do about this? You can actually configure this shared memory through your computer’s BIOS settings. However, this is a setting best left alone, since it is typically optimized for display performance, and making changes may impact display resolutions, and other video capabilities. The simplest solution is usually to either: increase your system memory; or to upgrade the video hardware. By upgrading to a new video card with built-in video memory, then turning off shared memory, you will free your system to use it's maximum potential memory, and provide your system with much more robust video features. Click Here for our Memory Options » Click Here for the latest Video Cards » How Much Memory Do You Really Have? When you look at the specifications for a computer, it will display the installed memory, and typically the maximum memory that can be installed. However, while these are real values, they represent a potential useable memory. The actual useable memory may be different from these values. The reason is simply that a computer may configured to use shared memory, which reduces the amount of RAM that is available to the CPU by using some of it for other purposes, such as for video memory. In some cases, you can control the maximum useable memory through system settings, and by upgrading to a video card that has internal onboard video memory. But always remember, that the amount of memory that your system reports, is not always the amount of actual installed memory. If you find that you need more memory, we suggest expanding your system memory, since this is the most effective performance increase, and the one that is easiest to perform . Click Here for our Memory Upgrade Options » NOTE REGARDING RECOVERY MEDIA Most computer systems no longer include "Recovery Media" (Disks or CDs or DVDs used to restore your computer system to its factory shipped state). This is not specific to systems purchased from one company, but now standard practice throughout the entire industry. Click here to read more about creating your own Recovery Media » Limited Warranty This Item's Warranty is: - 3 Months Parts - 3 Months Labor Warranty provided by - Gateway Reconditioned - View Warranty Info Gateway M-1600 Series Notebook PC - Reference Guide Technology Advisory: Recovery Media Technology Guide: Getting The Most From Your Laptop Battery What's In The Box Contents of package may vary from those pictured and stated here, due to changes in manufacturer's specifications or merchandising. Please check the product information carefully, items not included may no longer be required. Gateway M-1625 Refurbished Laptop Computer - AMD Turion 64 X2 Dual-Core Mobile TL-60 2.0GHz, 802.11g, 2GB DDR2, 250GB HDD, DL DVDRW, HDMI, 15.4" WXGA, Webcam, Pacific Blue, Windows Vista Home Premium $499.99 Manufactured by: Gateway Reconditioned Mfg Part No: RB-1015330R UPC No: Box Size: ( Length: 16, Width: 14, Depth: 7 ) Shipping Weight: 10.0000 pound(s) Limited Warranty: 3 months parts; 3 months labor Click here for full warranty and support information Limited Warranty: A full text version of the limited warranty may be obtained by mailing a self addressed, stamped envelope to the address below and requesting the warranty for item number: S445-M1625 TigerDirect.ca Warranty Information 55 East Beaver Creek Rd. Unit G Richmond Hill, ON Canada, L4B 1E5 Page Feedback For IMMEDIATE customer service assistance or help with an order please click here or call 1-800-800-8300. Remember, you can call us 24 hours a day...7 days a week. Help us continuously improve by reporting any errors on this page: The information above is incorrect or conflicting. This page has misspellings and/or bad grammar. This page did not load correctly on my browser or generated an error. The rebate information is incorrect. Please provide an example of any missing or incorrect information. Again, if you need immediate Customer Service assistance, click here. Email Address: Learn Before You Buy! · 3M Privacy Federal Confidentiality Laws Keep It Private! 3M Privacy Filters Help You Comply with Federal Confidentiality Laws 3M Privacy Computer Filters help companies comply with federal legislation requiring confidential personal information be kept confidential. 3M Privacy Computer filters can help medical facilities (i.e. hospitals, clinics, health insurance companies, etc.) comply with the Health Insurance Portability & Accessibility Act (HIPAA). The privacy filters are a simple accessory to desktop monitors, both LCD and CRT, as well as laptop computers. They darken the viewable area of the monitor screen when viewed from the side, which helps prevent the release of confidential personal information that must be protected. Similar legislation exists for those in the financial industry. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) places the same restrictions on banks, finance companies, mortgage companies and credit card companies, to name a few. They even help with PCI & SOX! Click Here to See all our 3M Privacy Filters » · AMD Turion 64 Mobile Article AMD Turion™ 64 Mobile Technology Is uniquely optimized to deliver AMD64 performance in thinner and lighter notebook PCs with longer battery life, enhanced security, and compatibility with the latest wireless and graphics technologies- today and tomorrow. The most advanced family of simultaneous 32- and 64-bit Windows®- compatible processors made for mobility; Uniquely optimized to deliver AMD64 performance in thinner and lighter notebook designs; Longer battery life, enhanced security with Enhanced Virus Protection* enabled by Windows XP SP2, and compatibility with the latest wireless and graphics technologies, today and tomorrow. Click Here To Learn More » · Memory - New Systems - Need More Got Enough Memory? Bet You'll Need More! Windows Vista and today's software applications make much greater demands on your system's memory. Adding peripherals, like webcams, USB hard drives, and complex Internet pages, all take memory. Watching DVD movies, or watching videos on the web, or playing PC based games demand increased memory. So take full advantage of your system's potential, your operating system's enhancement and entertainment capabilities, and your software's productivity by expanding your system memory! The best time to add more memory is when you buy your system! Get the memory that's right for your computer, whether laptop, desktop, or All-In-One. Click Here for our Memory Upgrade Options. » · Memory - Shared Memory Shared Memory? Or Where Did My Memory Go? Your computer uses memory to run your Operating System, applications, peripherals, and to generate and display graphics on your computer monitor. Video memory is a form of RAM, and is either built into your motherboard; or on a graphics card (video card). Depending on the motherboard's configuration, and that of the video card (if separate or built-in to the motherboard), your computer may have to draw on its own RAM memory to meet its video memory needs. This creates shared memory, where your computer’s RAM will be shared between its own Processor (CPU) and its graphics chip. The result is that some systems will have shared memory, some will not. If you have 2GB (for example) of system memory installed, you may notice that your system reports significantly less memory. This is because your system is using shared memory for your video. What can you do about this? You can actually configure this shared memory through your computer’s BIOS settings. However, this is a setting best left alone, since it is typically optimized for display performance, and making changes may impact display resolutions, and other video capabilities. The simplest solution is usually to either: increase your system memory; or to upgrade the video hardware. By upgrading to a new video card with built-in video memory, then turning off shared memory, you will free your system to use it's maximum potential memory, and provide your system with much more robust video features. Click Here for our Memory Options » Click Here for the latest Video Cards » · Memory - Useable Memory How Much Memory Do You Really Have? When you look at the specifications for a computer, it will display the installed memory, and typically the maximum memory that can be installed. However, while these are real values, they represent a potential useable memory. The actual useable memory may be different from these values. The reason is simply that a computer may configured to use shared memory, which reduces the amount of RAM that is available to the CPU by using some of it for other purposes, such as for video memory. In some cases, you can control the maximum useable memory through system settings, and by upgrading to a video card that has internal onboard video memory. But always remember, that the amount of memory that your system reports, is not always the amount of actual installed memory. If you find that you need more memory, we suggest expanding your system memory, since this is the most effective performance increase, and the one that is easiest to perform . Click Here for our Memory Upgrade Options » · Recovery Media Disclaimer NOTE REGARDING RECOVERY MEDIA Most computer systems no longer include "Recovery Media" (Disks or CDs or DVDs used to restore your computer system to its factory shipped state). This is not specific to systems purchased from one company, but now standard practice throughout the entire industry. 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RSS Feed Featured Deals Of The Day Save now on these limited time offers! While supplies last!2000 Lumens Projector $549.99 MORE INFO AMD Dual-Core CPU $69.99 MORE INFO 512MB Video Card $49.99 MORE INFO 20x DVD Rewritable Drive $39.99 MORE INFO 2GB MP3/MP4 Player $29.99† MORE INFO Deal Alerts: Bookmark To: Need help browsing our website? Call 1-800-800-8300 Copyright © 2008, TigerDirect.ca 55 East Beaver Creek Rd. Unit G Richmond Hill, ON Canada, L4B 1E5 YOUR PRIORITY CODE IS: CANWGOOCAMON Customer Service Help Contact Us About Us Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Online Returns Navigation Business Sales Government Sales Educational Sales Visit our Retail Stores Site Map Employment Site Tools Shop by Brand Email This Page Report a Bug on This Page Affiliates Deal Alerts via Choose Your Country: USA Customers UK Customers French Customers German Customers TigerDirect is your source for the best computer and electronics deals anywhere, anytime. 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Looking for feed back on my resume!? Looking for feedback, suggestion, recommendations on my resume. Can't seem to land any interviews with it. SUMMARY Senior Network Specialist with more than 10 years experience in various aspects of information systems including security, monitoring and compliance, network administration, application development and implementation. Proven ability to manage all phases of network installation and administration. A highly respected team member with a demonstrated ability to learn and implement new technology. Exceptional technical-to-business communication skills; able to clearly explain technical subject matter to business owners and users. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE ZENITH INSURANCE COMPANY, Woodland Hills, CA1996 to 2009 Senior Network Specialist(2008-2009) End to end support in a diverse enterprise computing environment. Ensured computer hardware and the network infrastructure were properly maintained in an environment consisting of 19 locations and over 350 servers nationwide. Performed day to day administrative duties such as configuration, performance monitoring, user account creations/deletions, file permission, and group memberships. Built, configured and installed servers, networked printers and print servers based on company policy and standards. •Monitored servers and various networked devices using Solar Winds and Insight Manager. •Ran and created custom reports using Solar Winds. •Demonstrated experience providing end-user support for large corporate applications in a networked environment. •Documented internal IT procedures related to reviewing window server logs. •Responsible for analyzing and writing weekly reports for server logs of core Zenith servers. •Performed server support in an HP environment including but not limited to server builds, troubleshooting, patching and upgrades. •Supported scan to file on OCE copier/printers. Security Engineer I(2005-2008) IT focused security and Sox compliance duties across 2 core datacenters and 19 remote sites. Implemented and supported Zenith’s Incident Management System for various departments utilizing Archer-Technologies’ SmartSuite Framework. Managed the organization and filing of key documentation; performing regular assessments of IT compliance and adherence to established policies and processes; supporting audits through the collection of required documentation. Performed annual and quarterly Vulnerability Assessments as needed on Web servers, Unix Servers, Window Servers, War Dialing, Wireless and Databases. •Audit team member with recurring reports to both the CIO and head of Corporate Compliance •Worked on a team to research, and implement a database vulnerability-scanning tool. •Created and implemented a key database within Archer for tracking information related to network servers, databases and Zenith core application’s to assist Zenith’s Internal IT Auditors. •Monitoring and reporting for SOX compliancy which involved building and executing security tests, and investigating exceptions generated from the following systems: Antivirus Activity Reports, NetIQ Security Reports, Tripwire file system integrity reports, Configuresoft Patch Reports, Employee & Temp Termination Reports, VPN Configuration & Security Reports, Active Account Reviews, Snort Reports and Guardium Database Activity Reports. •Created and implemented report tracking system within Archer to track IT responses related to the weekly Monitoring and Compliance reports. ZENITH INSURANCE COMPANY, Woodland Hills, CA (cont.) Network Specialist(1996-2005) Systems engineer focused on maintaining system uptime and availability across a diverse product set. Ensured computer hardware and the network infrastructure were properly maintained in an environment consisting of 15 locations and over 350 servers nationwide. Performed administrative duties such as user account creations/deletions, file permission, and group memberships. Built, configured and installed servers, networked printers and print servers based on company policy and standards. •Exchange 5.5 Email Administrator for the Western Region providing support for Exchange servers at both network and user levels. •Implementation and support of all Blackberry wireless devices and server for Western Region. •Support for various server based applications – Legal Solutions Plus, Smart-Comp Mod Calc. •Day to day administrative duties such as user account creations/deletions, file permission. •Implemented scan to file on OCE copier/printers. •Averaged the 2nd highest ticket close ratio across the corporate IT teams. TECHNICAL EXPERTISE •Solar Winds•GFI Languard•Blackberry Server/Devices•AppDetective Pro •Insight Manager•Trip Wire•Win 2000/2003 Server•NetIQ •MS Office Suites•Guardium•Exchange 5.5•Archer SmartSuite Frameworks •Visio•Front Page•TCP/IP•SMTP •POP3•SNMP•DHCP/ DNS TRAINING Archer-Technolog
is this a load of rubbish or is it safe to agree? Version 2.1 (June 27, 2007) END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT NOTE TO USER: BEFORE YOU INSTALL, COPY OR OTHERWISE USE THE LICENSED SOFTWARE (AS DEFINED BELOW), CAREFULLY READ THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT AS WELL AS THE OTHER SIMILAR AGREEMENTS FOR THE THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE (AS DEFINED BELOW) THAT MAY BE BUNDLED WITH THE LICENSED SOFTWARE. BY INSTALLING, COPYING OR OTHERWISE USING THE LICENSED SOFTWARE, YOU ARE CONSENTING TO BE BOUND BY AND ARE BECOMING A PARTY TO THIS LEGALLY ENFORCEABLE AGREEMENT AS WELL AS THE OTHER SIMILAR THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE AGREEMENTS (INCLUDED HEREWITH). YOU ARE ALSO ACKNOWLEDING AND AGREEING THAT, UPON INSTALLATION OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE, YOU WILL RECEIVE AND CONTINUE TO RECEIVE CONTEXTUAL POPUP AND CONTEXTUAL LINK ADVERTISING VIA HIGHLIGHTED LINKS. YOU MAY ALSO CHOOSE TO INSTALL (OR UNINSTALL) THIRD-PARTY SOFTWARE FROM SELECT ADVERTISERS. THE LICENSED SOFTWARE CAN BE UNINSTALLED UTILIZING THE “ADD/REMOVE PROGRAMS” COMMAND OF YOUR COMPUTER (SEE FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS BELOW). This End-User License Agreement (the “Agreement”) is an important legal agreement between you (the “Licensee”) and Danube International S.A., a Costa Rican corporation (“Licensor”). Licensor is willing to license the Licensed Software (as defined below) to you, provided that you agree to and accept all of the terms and conditions in this Agreement. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, DO NOT INSTALL THE LICENSED SOFTWARE. UPON INSTALLATION, YOUR USE OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE IS SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT. Special Notice for Non-English Speakers: The Licensed Software is suited primarily for the use of English speakers and, therefore, this Agreement is written in English and is addressed to English speakers. If you are not proficient in English and feel that you cannot properly understand this License Agreement, we recommend that you either retain the help of an English speaker to help you understand and accept the terms of this Agreement or, alternatively, refrain from installing or using the Licensed Software. In any event, if you choose to install or use the Licensed Software, you will be bound by this Agreement and the Privacy Policy incorporated herein. Special Notice for Residents of the State of Alaska, USA: Unfortunately, according to SB 140 (Alaska), persons who reside in the State of Alaska may not install the Licensed Software. Therefore, by installing or using the Licensed Software you represent and warrant that your computer is not located in the State of Alaska. To the extent that our system is reasonably able to recognize that your computer is located in the State of Alaska, we will not enable you to install the Licensed Software. Notice for All Users: By downloading the Licensed Software, you get free access to sponsored content across the Internet. The Licensed Software may, among other things, show you ads that pop up on your screen in a separate browser, provide you with a toolbar to make your use of the internet more efficient and enjoyable and allow you to access or otherwise link to programs from our affiliates. The pop-up ads that may appear on your computer are based on keywords and URL targets from the sites you visit. Please note that you will receive Adult-oriented ads if you utilize keywords related to such content or if you view Adult-oriented websites. The Licensed Software is a service of Licensor. 1. DEFINITIONS. The capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined in this Agreement shall have the following meanings: 1.1 “Agreement” or “License” means this End User License Agreement. 1.2 “Licensee” or “you” means the individual who agrees to license the Licensed Software in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement. 1.3 “Licensed Software” means collectively the Software, Third Party Software and Updates. 1.4 “Third Party Software” means the software of third parties bundled together with the Software and/or made available to or installed by Licensee in connection with the installation, use and/or maintenance of the Software, which software includes or displays, without limitation, cookies and pop-up advertisements of third parties, or links to third-party websites not affiliated with Licensor. You may choose not to install Third Party Software or may uninstall such software using your “Add/Remove Software” function on your computer. Each company providing Third Party Software has its own agreements and privacy policies (or other policies) that may be different from this (Licensor’s) Agreement and Privacy Policy <http://dcads.biz/privacy.html>. By clicking “I Agree” you also agree to be bound by the Third Party Software Agreements that are included herewith. In the event of a conflict between a Third Party Software Agreement and this Agreement, this Agreement shall control with respect to Licensor’s obligations, duties or liability. 1.5 “Software” toolbar, contextual popup and contextual link applications installed by Licensee pursuant the terms of this Agreement, together with the software applications, documentation and local computer files installed or utilized by Licensee in connection therewith (excluding the Third Party Software), and all updates, modifications or patches thereof. 1.6 “Updates” means any bug fixes, upgrades, modified versions or updates to the Licensed Software. 1.7 "Use”, "Used" or "Using" means to access, install, download, copy or benefit from using the functionality of the Licensed Software 2. PERMISSION/AUTHORITY TO DOWNLOAD LICENSED SOFTWARE 2.1 Permission to Download Licensed Software. This Agreement contains important legal obligations. Pursuant to applicable laws including, without limitation, the Electronic Signature Law and Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (“UETA”), by clicking “I Agree”, Licensor will treat Licensee’s affirmative action as equivalent to a signed written contract that will legally bind Licensee to the terms of this Agreement. Licensee should carefully review the terms of this Agreement (as well as any Third Party Software Agreements included herewith) before clicking “I agree”. 2.2 Obligation to be Bound by Current Version of EULA. Licensor may revise this EULA or its Privacy Policy <file:///E:\Documents%20and%20Settings\jj\Local%20Settings\Temporary%20Internet%20Files\Content.IE5\WHYJKDQF\privacypolicy.html> at anytime, and may (but shall not be obligated) to notify Licensees of such revisions. By agreeing to the terms of this EULA, Licensee agrees to read and review this EULA and privacy policy in order to stay current on any changes. 3. SOFTWARE LICENSE AND RESTRICTIONS. 3.1 License Grant. Upon acceptance of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, as evidenced by clicking “I agree” and continuing with the installation procedure, Licensor grants Licensee a non-transferable, non-exclusive, revocable, non-sub licensable license to Use the Licensed Software, in binary executable form only, solely in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. The Licensee agrees not to Use the Licensed Software in any manner that could damage, disable, overburden or impair the Licensed Software, including, without limitation, Using the Licensed Software in an automated manner or in any other manner which could interfere with any other party's use and enjoyment of the Licensed Software. 3.2 Restrictions. As a material condition to the license granted in Section 3.1 above, you will: (a) not reverse engineer, disassemble or decompile the Licensed Software or attempt to discover or recreate the source code to the Licensed Software, except as otherwise required by applicable law, (b) comply with all applicable laws, including U.S. export control laws, in your Use of the Licensed Software, (c) not make any modification, adaptation, improvement, enhancement, translation or derivative work of or to the Licensed Software, (d) not remove, alter or obscure any proprietary notices (including copyright notices) of Licensor or Licensor’s affiliates in the Licensed Software, (e) not Use the Licensed Software for purposes for which it is not designed, and (f) only Use the Licensed Software for personal, non-commercial use. 4. OWNER OF COMPUTER; ALL USERS BOUND; AGE LIMITATION. You represent and warrant either that you are the owner of the computer up which you intend to download the Licensed Software and that you have authorized the download and installation of the Licensed Software or that the owner of the computer has authorized you to do so. You agree, with respect to all users of the computer on which you have caused the Licensed Software to reside, to provide a copy of these terms and conditions and to obtain their consent to these terms and conditions before allowing them to Use the Licensed Software. Alternatively, if you have the legal right to accept this Agreement on behalf of one or more users of the computer on which you have caused or authorized the Licensed Software to reside, then you hereby accept this Agreement on behalf of all such other users. You understand that the presence of the Licensed Software on any computer is voluntary and that you may remove it at any time. You must be at least 18 years of age to Use the Licensed Software. By accepting the terms of this Agreement and Using the Licensed Software you represent that you are over the age of 18. 5. IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING FUNCTIONALITY OF LICENSED SOFTWARE. 5.1 Functionality. Certain applications in the Licensed Software recognize keywords from your Internet browser and URL targets from the sites you visit to display relevant contextual advertisements. These advertisements may be displayed on your computer screen at any time while you are searching and shopping online (and not necessarily while you are using any product or service related to or downloaded with the Licensed Software) and pop-up on your screen in a separate browser. The Licensed Software gathers and stores personal identifiable information and records concerning your Internet browsing behavior. Please refer to Section 10 (below) for further information about Licensor’s privacy policies. 5.2. Display of Advertising. The Licensed Software starts automatically when you start your computer, runs in the background on your computer, and may periodically direct you to our sponsors' websites. By installing and/or using the Licensed Software you grant permission for Licensor to periodically display sponsors' websites to you. The frequency of these advertisements (which will pop up on your screen in a separate browser) will vary depending on your use of the Internet. Please note that you will receive Adult-oriented ads if you utilize keywords related to such content or if you view Adult-oriented websites. On occasion, you may search for a website and receive an error from your browser software indicating that the site cannot be found. When this occurs, the Software includes a function that may redirect your web browser to our sponsor's websites based on the content of the website address, or URL, which you entered. You hereby consent to these actions. Content Licensor considers “Adult” is defined as any audio, video, audiovisual, images, sounds or text that contain or reference any of the following: profanity, crude or off-color humor, violence, blood and gore, weapons, use of alcohol, drugs, tobacco or other controlled substances, online gambling, pornography, erotica, erotic images, nudity, sex, sexually explicit images, and sexual references. 6. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. The Licensed Software is the intellectual property of, and owned exclusively by, Licensor, its affiliates or suppliers or the companies that own or control the Third Party Software. The structure, organization and code of the Licensed Software are the valuable trade secrets and confidential information of Licensor, its suppliers or affiliates or the companies that own or control the Third Party Software. The Licensed Software is protected by copyright, including without limitation by United States copyright law, international treaty provisions and applicable laws in the country in which it is being used. Except as expressly stated herein, this Agreement does not grant you any intellectual property rights in the Licensed Software, and all rights not expressly granted are reserved by Licensor and its affiliates or suppliers. 7. UNINSTALLATION. You understand and agree that the presence of the Licensed Software on your computer is voluntary and that you may remove the Licensed Software from your computer at any time going to the “Add/Remove Software” function on your computer and clicking “Remove Software”. The program name for the software is Browser Optimizer Dcads. Should you choose to download additional software from Licensor’s affiliates or advertisers, those programs may be named differently and require you to remove them separately. Please note that the above is the only proper way to ensure complete removal of all Licensed Software files - many anti-spyware or other software tools do not completely or properly remove the Licensed Software. Some Internet content and software publishers require that their users have certain of the Licensed Software installed on their computer in order to access their content or use their software applications ("Content Providers"). Uninstallation of such Licensed Software may impact your ability to access such content and/or use such software. You may be required to restart your computer in order for the uninstallation to take effect. Should you have any questions regarding the removal of the Licensed Software, please contact <removal@dcads.biz <sendto:removal@dcads.biz>>. 8. UPDATES. Licensor, in its sole discretion, may provide you with Updates to the Licensed Software as part of this Agreement. The Licensed Software may check with Licensor or its affiliates for the existence of any Update released and, in the event that one is available, the Licensed Software may update itself automatically or prompt you to update the Software. Nothing herein shall be construed or interpreted as requiring that Licensor provide Updates. The companies that own or control the Third Party Software may also provide you with Updates to their Licensed Software. Licensor has no control and accepts no liability for Updates that may (or may not) be provided for the Third Party Software. 9. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES; INDEMNITY. 9.1 No Warranty; Disclaimer. YOUR USE OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK. THE LICENSED SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE" BASIS. LICENSOR, ITS AFFILIATES OR SUPPLIERS, AND THE COMPANIES THAT OWN OR CONTROL THE THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. LICENSOR, AND ITS AFFILIATES AND SUPPLIERS, MAKE NO WARRANTY THAT (i) THE LICENSED SOFTWARE WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS, (ii) THE LICENSED SOFTWARE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED, TIMELY, SECURE, OR ERROR-FREE, (iii) THE RESULTS THAT MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE USE OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE WILL BE ACCURATE OR RELIABLE, (iv) THE QUALITY OF ANY PRODUCTS, SERVICES, INFORMATION, OR OTHER MATERIAL PURCHASED OR OBTAINED BY YOU THROUGH THE LICENSED SOFTWARE WILL MEET YOUR EXPECTATIONS, OR (v) ANY ERRORS IN THE LICENSED SOFTWARE WILL BE CORRECTED. ANY MATERIAL DOWNLOADED OR OTHERWISE OBTAINED THROUGH THE USE OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE IS OBTAINED AT YOUR OWN DISCRETION AND RISK AND YOU WILL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE TO YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR LOSS OF DATA THAT RESULTS FROM THE DOWNLOAD OF ANY SUCH MATERIAL. NO ADVICE OR INFORMATION, WHETHER ORAL OR WRITTEN, OBTAINED BY YOU FROM LICENSOR OR THROUGH OR FROM THE LICENSED SOFTWARE SHALL CREATE ANY WARRANTY. LICENSOR IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR CONTENT HOSTED BY CONTENT PROVIDERS. 9.2 Limitation of Damages. LICENSOR, ITS AFFILIATES OR SUPPLIERS, OR THE COMPANIES THAT OWN OR CONTROL THE THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE WILL NOT HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR, AND YOU HEREBY RELEASE LICENSOR, ITS AFFILIATES AND SUPPLIERS AND THE COMPANIES THAT OWN OR CONTROL THE THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE FROM ANY, LIABILITY (WHETHER IN CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) FOR ANY DAMAGES SUSTAINED BY YOU ARISING FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE LICENSED SOFTWARE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS OF DATA, SAVINGS, OR PROFITS OR THE COST OF PROCURING SUBSTITUTE GOODS, EVEN IF LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT WILL LICENSOR’S ENTIRE LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED $100.00. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF CERTAIN WARRANTIES OR THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. ACCORDINGLY, SOME OF THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. 9.3 Indemnity. Licensee agrees to indemnify, defend, and hold Licensor and all of the directors, officers, shareholders, affiliates, employees, and agents of Licensor (collectively referred to as "Licensor’s Agents") harmless against and in respect to any and all claims, demands, losses, costs, expenses, obligations, liabilities, damages, recoveries, and deficiencies, including interest, penalties, expert witness fees, and reasonable attorneys' fees that Licensor, Licensor’s Agents and the companies that own or control the Third Party Software shall incur or suffer, which arise, result from, or in any way relate to: (a) any breach of, or failure by Licensee to perform any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements in this Agreement; (b) Licensee’s violation of any applicable law or regulation, whether or not referenced herein; and (c) Licensee’s violation of any rights of any third party (including, without limitation, the right of the third parties who own the Third Party Software). 10. USE OF INFORMATION; PRIVACY POLICY. 10.1 Use of Information. By entering into this Agreement, Licensee agrees that Licensor may collect and retain information about Licensee, including Licensee’s name and email address. Licensor may employ other companies and individuals to perform these functions on its behalf. Examples may include fulfilling orders, delivering packages, sending postal mail and e-mail, removing repetitive information from customer lists, analyzing data, providing marketing assistance and processing credit card payments. These third parties may be given access to personal information needed to perform their functions, but may not use it for other purposes. In addition, Licensor will collect and use anonymous information relating to your use of the Licensed Software application for statistical and related purposes. Licensor may disclose the information to third parties for these purposes but will not use or disclose information about your use of the Licensed Software for any other purpose (unless required to do so by law). Licensor may keep track of your Internet history in order to customize the advertisements provided to you as part of the Licensed Software. 10.2 Privacy Policy. Without limiting the generality of Section 10.1, by installing the Licensed Software, you grant permission for Licensor to collect and use certain information. You acknowledge that you have reviewed the applicable Licensor Privacy Policy, which describes Licensor’s general practices with respect to the collection, use and disclosure of information in connection with your Use of the Licensed Software, which is incorporated herein by reference. Licensor reserves the right to change the provisions of its Privacy Policy from time to time. Your Use of the Licensed Software following the posting of such changes to Licensor’s Privacy Policy will constitute your acceptance of any such changes. Licensor does not make any and hereby disclaims to the maximum extent allowed by law any and all covenants, representations and warranties with respect to its compliance with the statements of intent contained in Licensor's privacy policy. 11. COMPATIBILITY. Licensor does not warrant that the Licensed Software will be compatible with your hardware or other software installed on your computer system. Compatibility issues may cause your computer's performance to suffer. In the event that the Licensed Software is not compatible with your hardware or other software installed on your computer system, the Licensed Software can be uninstalled as provided in Section 7, above. Like all software, the Licensed Software utilizes some of your computer's resources to run, including system memory and Internet connection. Use of the Licensed Software on a computer with inadequate system resources will cause such computer's performance to suffer. 12. USER REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. You acknowledge, represent and warrant that: (a) you own the computer on which you are installing the Licensed Software, or have the authority to install the Licensed Software on such computer; (b) your installation and/or Use of the Licensed Software will not violate any local, state or federal laws that apply to you, or the Use or installation of the Licensed Software; (c) Licensor is not causing the Licensed Software to be installed on your computer, but has provided the Licensed Software to you, which you are installing of your own volition; and (d) you have read and fully understand the terms of this Agreement. 13. EXPORT. You agree that the Licensed Software may not be acquired, shipped, transported, exported, or re-exported (A) into (or to a national or resident of) any U.S. embargoed country or (B) to anyone on the U.S. Treasury Department's list of Specially Designated Nationals or the U.S. Department of Commerce's Table of Denial Orders. By using the Licensed Software, you represent and warrant that you are not located in, under control of, or a national or resident of any such country or on any such list. 14. MISCELLANEOUS. 14.1 Entire Agreement. This Agreement and any Third Party Software Agreement set forth the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. There are no representations, warranties, agreements, arrangements or understandings, oral or written, between the parties relating to this Agreement which are not fully expressed in this Agreement. No waiver, amendment or modification of any of the terms of this Agreement shall be effective unless in writing and signed by the party affected by the waiver, amendment or modification; provided, however, that that Licensor may unilaterally amend or modify this Agreement or a company that owns or controls Third Party Software may modify their Third Party Software Agreement at any time and you shall have notice of these changes by reference to the Version number of this document and the effective date for such version (or the Third Party Software Agreement may be amended according to that company’s particular policies). Further, no waiver of any term, condition or default of any term of this Agreement shall be construed as a waiver of any other term, condition or default. In the event of a conflict between this Agreement and any Third Party Agreement with respect to the use of the Licensed Software and the obligations, duties or liability of Licensor, this Agreement shall control notwithstanding such conflicting language. 14.2 Severability. In the event that any provision of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unenforceable, the validity of the remaining provisions shall not be affected, and the rights and obligations of the parties shall be construed and enforced as if the Agreement did not contain the particular provisions held to be unenforceable and the unenforceable provisions shall be replaced by mutually acceptable provisions which, being valid, legal and enforceable, come closest to the intention of the parties underlying the invalid or unenforceable provision. 14.3 Governing Law and Venue. This Agreement and each and every portion of this Agreement shall be interpreted pursuant to the internal laws of the Country of Costa Rica, without giving effect to the principles of conflict of laws. Each of the parties hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees to the exclusive jurisdiction of any court located in Cost Rica for any actions, suits or proceedings arising out of or relating to this Agreement (and the parties each agree not to commence any action, suit or proceeding relating thereto except in such courts and not to plead or claim that any such court is an inconvenient or otherwise improper or inappropriate forum). 14.4 Injunctive Relief. Licensee acknowledges that the injury that would be suffered by Licensor as a result of a breach of the provisions of this Agreement by Licensee would be irreparable and that an award of monetary damages to Licensor for such a breach would be an inadequate remedy. Consequently, Licensor will have the right, in addition to any other rights it may have, to obtain injunctive relief to restrain any breach or threatened breach or otherwise to specifically enforce any provision of this Agreement, and Licensor will not be obligated to post bond or other security in seeking such relief Should you have any questions concerning this Agreement, or if you wish to contact Licensor for any reason, please e-mail us at dcads.biz <sendto:info@dcads.biz>. SuperiorAds.Biz - (If applicable)* Version 2.1 (June 27, 2007) END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT NOTE TO USER: BEFORE YOU INSTALL, COPY OR OTHERWISE USE THE LICENSED SOFTWARE (AS DEFINED BELOW), CAREFULLY READ THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT AS WELL AS THE OTHER SIMILAR AGREEMENTS FOR THE THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE (AS DEFINED BELOW) THAT MAY BE BUNDLED WITH THE LICENSED SOFTWARE. BY INSTALLING, COPYING OR OTHERWISE USING THE LICENSED SOFTWARE, YOU ARE CONSENTING TO BE BOUND BY AND ARE BECOMING A PARTY TO THIS LEGALLY ENFORCEABLE AGREEMENT AS WELL AS THE OTHER SIMILAR THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE AGREEMENTS (INCLUDED HEREWITH). YOU ARE ALSO ACKNOWLEDING AND AGREEING THAT, UPON INSTALLATION OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE, YOU WILL RECEIVE AND CONTINUE TO RECEIVE CONTEXTUAL POPUP AND CONTEXTUAL LINK ADVERTISING VIA HIGHLIGHTED LINKS. YOU MAY ALSO CHOOSE TO INSTALL (OR UNINSTALL) THIRD-PARTY SOFTWARE FROM SELECT ADVERTISERS. THE LICENSED SOFTWARE CAN BE UNINSTALLED UTILIZING THE “ADD/REMOVE PROGRAMS” COMMAND OF YOUR COMPUTER (SEE FURTHER INSTRUCTIONS BELOW). This End-User License Agreement (the “Agreement”) is an important legal agreement between you (the “Licensee”) and Danube International inc., a Costa Rican corporation (“Licensor”). Licensor is willing to license the Licensed Software (as defined below) to you, provided that you agree to and accept all of the terms and conditions in this Agreement. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, DO NOT INSTALL THE LICENSED SOFTWARE. UPON INSTALLATION, YOUR USE OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE IS SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT. Special Notice for Non-English Speakers: The Licensed Software is suited primarily for the use of English speakers and, therefore, this Agreement is written in English and is addressed to English speakers. If you are not proficient in English and feel that you cannot properly understand this License Agreement, we recommend that you either retain the help of an English speaker to help you understand and accept the terms of this Agreement or, alternatively, refrain from installing or using the Licensed Software. In any event, if you choose to install or use the Licensed Software, you will be bound by this Agreement and the Privacy Policy incorporated herein. Special Notice for Residents of the State of Alaska, USA: Unfortunately, according to SB 140 (Alaska), persons who reside in the State of Alaska may not install the Licensed Software. Therefore, by installing or using the Licensed Software you represent and warrant that your computer is not located in the State of Alaska. To the extent that our system is reasonably able to recognize that your computer is located in the State of Alaska, we will not enable you to install the Licensed Software. Notice for All Users: By downloading the Licensed Software, you get free access to sponsored content across the Internet. The Licensed Software may, among other things, show you ads that pop up on your screen in a separate browser, provide you with a toolbar to make your use of the internet more efficient and enjoyable and allow you to access or otherwise link to programs from our affiliates. The pop-up ads that may appear on your computer are based on keywords and URL targets from the sites you visit. Please note that you will receive Adult-oriented ads if you utilize keywords related to such content or if you view Adult-oriented websites. The Licensed Software is a service of Licensor. 1. DEFINITIONS. 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Would this converstation on the Purdue Cytometry mail list be considerating to discriminate other advertement? Re: advertising From: Alice L. Givan (Alice.L.Gi...@dartmouth.edu) Date: Wed Nov 06 2002 - 14:38:54 EST * Next message: Amy Raber: "degranulation-another question!" * Previous message: Robert Keefe: "Y. pestis" * Maybe in reply to: Alice L. Givan: "Re: advertising" * Next in thread: Robb Habbersett: "Re: advertising" * Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] [ attachment ] ________________________________________ I need to add that I was NOT suggesting that this network give any special dispensation to Dick Haugland and Molecular Probes. They, like many other companies, are of great benefit to the flow community. I was suggesting that we be a bit relaxed in our willingness to accept subtle advertising in general --- because we can benefit from being able to get advice directly from people who are at the forefront of flow development. Obviously, knowing where to draw the line can be difficult..... Alice Alice L. Givan Englert Cell Analysis Laboratory of the Norris Cotton Cancer Center Dartmouth Medical School Lebanon, New Hampshire NH 03756 tel 603-650-7661 fax 603-650-6130 gi...@dartmouth.edu ________________________________________ * Next message: Amy Raber: "degranulation-another question!" * Previous message: Robert Keefe: "Y. pestis" * Maybe in reply to: Alice L. Givan: "Re: advertising" * Next in thread: Robb Habbersett: "Re: advertising" * Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] [ attachment ] ________________________________________ This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.6 : Thu Jan 01 2004 - 17:42:08 EST Re: advertising From: Robb Habbersett (r...@lanl.gov) Date: Wed Nov 06 2002 - 14:19:13 EST * Next message: Richard Haugland: "Re: rat blood eosinophils" * Previous message: Amy Raber: "degranulation-another question!" * In reply to: Alice L. Givan: "Re: advertising" * Next in thread: Marty Bigos: "Re: advertising" * Reply: Marty Bigos: "Re: advertising" * Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] [ attachment ] ________________________________________ Once again Alice is ... RIGHT ON!! Robb At 05:52 PM 11/5/2002 -0500, Alice L. Givan wrote: - Hide quoted text - - Show quoted text - - Hide quoted text - - Show quoted text - >I would not like for Dick Haugland to feel that we are criticizing his >participation in >this list. Molecular Probes has been a HUGE help to all flow and imaging >cytometrists. >Advice from that company has been good, generous, dependable, and without >strings. >The new MP handbook is a fantastic source of information. I would hope >that advice >from Dick will continue to be submitted to the whole network --- and if he >gets a bit >of free advertising from it, then he deserves it. >Alice >Alice L. Givan >Englert Cell Analysis Laboratory >of the Norris Cotton Cancer Center >Dartmouth Medical School >Lebanon, New Hampshire NH 03756 >tel 603-650-7661 >fax 603-650-6130 >gi...@dartmouth.edu Robert C. Habbersett Technical Staff Member Los Alamos National Laboratory MS-M888 BN2 Los Alamos, NM 87545 phone 505.667.0296 fax 505.665.3024 "As often happens in science, the paradox was resolved as soon as the obvious was abandoned in the face of experimental evidence." {from a recent review in Science} ________________________________________ * Next message: Richard Haugland: "Re: rat blood eosinophils" * Previous message: Amy Raber: "degranulation-another question!" * In reply to: Alice L. Givan: "Re: advertising" * Next in thread: Marty Bigos: "Re: advertising" * Reply: Marty Bigos: "Re: advertising" * Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] [ attachment ] ________________________________________ This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.6 : Thu Jan 01 2004 - 17:42:09 EST BEWARE OF DELTA T CELL TREATMENT http://www.suriyampalayam.california-divorcd-lawyer.info/delta-cells# Re: EMAIL ABUSE - how to stop From: Adam Treister (a...@treestar.com) Date: Mon Dec 16 2002 - 16:00:07 EST Next message: PAUL HALLBERG: "Summary: Sorting CHO cells" Previous message: Mojgan Shaiegan: "RBC phenotyping by flow" In reply to: J.Paul Robinson: "EMAIL ABUSE - how to stop" Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] [ attachment ] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ¬----- On Thursday, December 12, 2002, at 05:43 AM, J.Paul Robinson wrote: > Colleagues: I am sending out a copy of a message I have just sent to > RNWAY laboratories of South Korea and all 20 worldwide distributors of > RNWAY products most of whom are highly reputable companies. I am only > sending it to you because I am going to propose to create a small > "SCIENTISTS against EMAIL ABUSE" type of revolutionary action......... Paul, Sounds like you're advocating fighting disease by eradicating the antigen instead of boosting the immune response. You can organize all you want on eliminating the pest, but until they put a stamp tax on email, a better approach is to let the messages be out there, but have them filtered to oblivion before you ever see them. In your case, the postmaster at Purdue is probably already filtering millions of messages a day that come to the thousands of email users on campus. They are probably capable of shutting down any RNWAY mail, and spreading the word to other postmasters that they also should filter those messages. So if you can get the IT people at the university to tighten their sieve, that's best. Otherwise you have to switch to an email program that has good junk filters. I think I get 500+ messages a day, and only 10 to 20 make it past the junk filter. Until last summer I was using Outlook Express and spam was a huge problem. Since then I switched to the free Mail program in OS X, which just added special features for spam detection and removal. Its probably 97% effective, and I haven't found any false positives. So, of course, the best answer is to get a Mac :) I'm sure the PC mail clients are addressing this issue as well. I believe there are central databases of offenders so programs can learn from others which messages to delete. I would imagine this is the most important feature in any email program sold these days, so I bet Eudora or other third party mail programs have this solved. There's a lot of information on the subject at: http://spam.abuse.net/ Whether you fight the problem on the server or the client, it definitely is worth getting it cleaned up. I found it screwed up my whole communications process because every time I wanted check email, I had to wade through dozens or hundreds of useless ads. Adam --------------------------------------------------- Adam Treister a...@treestar.com www.flowjo.com 800-366-6045 --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ¬----- Next message: PAUL HALLBERG: "Summary: Sorting CHO cells" Previous message: Mojgan Shaiegan: "RBC phenotyping by flow" In reply to: J.Paul Robinson: "EMAIL ABUSE - how to stop" Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] [ attachment ] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ¬----- This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.6 : Thu Jan 01 2004 - 17:42:13 EST Never tried to get hired of fired but just tried to introduce software to Purdue and got called SCAMMERS for no reason. You want to see discrimination here is one for you! This is a preferred software company FlowJo hiring, come see us at ISAC This message: [ Message body ] [ More options ] Related messages: [ Next message ] [ Previous message ] From: Adam Treister <a...@treestar.com> Date: Sun May 14 2006 - 20:04:57 EDT Come join the FlowJo team! *********************************************************************************************************************** If you're not coming to ISAC, you must not be cool, and we don't want to hire you. **************************************************************************************************************************** If you're not coming to ISAC, you must not be cool, and we don't want to hire you. *************************************************************************************************************************** If you're not coming to ISAC, you must not be cool, and we don't want to hire you. *************************************************************************** I never applied for that job either. I nothing to do with this group..only want a free market! To allow one company to give information over others and make a exception for personal gain is a form of discrimination towards other that would like to provide information about thier products. I NEVER HACKED into anyones system this was open information on the internet I discovered after being called a SCAMMER So do you believe this is fair treatment to others in the world? This is a INTERNATIONAL ORG. ISAC..AND CYTOMETRY. THEY ARE MAKE PROGRESS WITH SMALL COMPANIES NOT CALL THEM SCAMMERS AND I CAN SHOW YOU ALL THE "ADVERTISEMENT THEY HAVE WHICH IS JOKED ABOUT AS THEY BLOCK EVERYONE ELSE.. I IS NOT SUPOSE TO BE THE GOOD OLD BOYS NETWORK Why don't you google Purdue Cytometry Mail List You will see for your self. Guess it does not have anything to do with your life. Our products have been launched through bestbuy,circuitcity,cnet,simtel,officemax, and many other retailers but what about the companies. what if you developed software..They are linked to ever university and hospital in the world. So what if you were called a SCAMMER..BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE WORLD? IT IS THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ANALYITAL SOCIETY OF CYTOLOGY...Joking about small companies and blocking and filtering the mail is not proper. NO WE DID NOT POST ON THIER LIST. BUT FOR THEM TO CALL OUR CORPORATION SCAMMERS SENDING JUNK MAIL IS LIABLE.
What are your ideas for a brochure that explain Yahoo Answers Violations and Suspensions with the violations? I was suspended a couple of weeks ago. I’ve had alot of time to think, and look good at the reasons that I got some of the violations. Some were false, but some were valid, and I’m sure I didn’t do everything right to be able to keep my account. So what do you think of this idea, send something out like this to everyone who gets a violation? With Some people, you need to spell it out, links don’t work, and you have to show examples. ? How could you add to this? What are your ideas? What is Yahoo! Answers? It’s the place to ask questions and get real answers from real people. It’s fun and educational because you can ask questions on any topic—from the serious to the not so serious. And when you know what’s up, you get to help people out by answering their questions. It’s all about sharing—what you know and what you want to know. So, why keep your gnawing questions and brilliant answers to yourself? Jump in and start sharing! POINTS! DID YOU KNOW YOU CAN GET 3 POINTS EVERY TIME YOU VOTE FOR THE BEST ANSWER? To encourage participation and reward great answers, Yahoo! Answers has a system of points and levels. The number of points you get depends on the specific action you take. The points table below summarizes the point values for different actions. While you can’t use points to buy or redeem anything, they do allow everyone to recognize how active and helpful you’ve been. (And they give you another excuse to brag to your friends.) Points Table ActionPoints Begin participating on Yahoo! AnswersOne time: 100 Ask a question -5 Choose a best answer for your question3 No Best Answer was selected by voters on your questionPoints Returned: 5 Answer a question2 Deleting an answer-2 Log in to Yahoo! AnswersOnce daily: 1 Vote for a best answer1 Vote for No best answer0 Have your answer selected as the best answer10 Receive a “thumbs-up” rating on a best answer that you wrote (up to 50 thumbs-up are counted)1 per “thumbs-up” How do I ask a question? It’s easy. Once you’ve logged in, just: ·Click Ask at the top-left corner of any page. ·Type in your question. (Similar questions may appear underneath as you type, so if someone’s asked the same question, you might not have to.) ·Add any details that will help people answer it. ·Select a category for your question. ·Decide whether you want us to send an email sent to you whenever someone answers your question. If not, uncheck the Yes, email me answers as they are posted box. ·Click Preview. If the question looks ok to you, click Submit. Remember: the clearer your question is, the more likely you’ll get really good answers. Use the Details section to provide additional information and further clarify your question. 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How does the scoring system work? To thank the Yahoo! Answers community for great answers, we give points for various actions. The points help you build your reputation on Yahoo! Answers and show the world what you have to offer. You need points to ask a question but you can quickly earn the points back by resolving your question and by giving an answer that’s picked as best. The points table linked below summarizes how many points you get for each of the different actions you take. The points allow the community to recognize how active and helpful you’ve been, and they give you another excuse to brag to your friends. http://answers.yahoo.com/info/scoring_system The levels mark your activity and show what Answers usage privileges you earned. The more points you accumulate, the higher your level, and the more privileges you get. We’re planning some exciting things for Yahoo! Answerers, so stay tuned! I have multiple Yahoo! accounts. Can I use these accounts to participate as different people? No, you cannot. Using multiple accounts to participate at Yahoo! Answers is a violation of Community Guidelines and may result in the suspension of your accounts. Please refer to our Community Guidelines for guidance on acceptable behavior. http://answers.yahoo.com/info/community_guidelines.php http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ This was sent from the YAT and it answered one person’s violations. I would like to see that kind of customer service again. Here’s a letter explaining what is expected. Thanks for contacting me directly, I appreciate it. I looked at your deletions, and have explanations for them below. I’m sure you already know that Answers is not a chat site or discussion board. Therefore, polling/surveying/and chatting questions are removed. There are a lot of them, so sometimes we can’t get them all immediately, but this doesn’t mean they’re ok. Also, there’s a big misconception in the community about the way abuse reporting works. Let me try to clarify: each abuse report is reviewed by a customer care agent, and an action is taken (this could mean no action as well). The number of times something has been reported and by whom has absolutely no bearing on whether or not deletion or suspension ensues. To ensure the highest level of fairness, each report is checked against our community guidelines and determined whether it is in violation. We also proactively monitor the site, so sometimes a deletion occurs even without a report. As for your deletions: Whose Questions do you look forward to? - This is a polling/chatting question. You’re not asking a knowledge question, but engaging other users in chat. This question would be ok in the forum, and we wouldn’t delete it there. 57 Points to Level 6 !!!! Want to help me get there? If you DO...see details.? and I would like 100 answers to this Question.....Would you Answer it for me please? - We consider this point-gaming, a serious offense. You will notice that people who write things like “10 points for the best joke!”, “10 points for the first answer!” and “thanks for the two points” are deleted. Points are meant to reward legitimate, good questions and answers, and not to reward people who solicit them. So, I said, Do you love me??? Or my Cat............? - This is also a polling/chatting question. The most common appearance of this is “Do you like my avatar?” We delete these when we see them. It was a mistake for Matt to answer this question—it shouldn’t have been done because it gives the impression that questions like these are ok, and I apologize for that. I will communicate this with the rest of our team to make sure it doesn’t happen. I hope these explanations are satisfactory. We know you don’t have bad intentions, and you are not in danger of a suspension. Regards, Amy Source: http://blog.360.yahoo.com/blog-AIlMSygyc78McJRzGUSK5PsS?p=84 Suggestions from The Yahoo Community so you can enjoy your time here, not get violations: Ask smart questions, be clear and concise in what you mean… Good examples: Question: My 5 week old has infant acne and he’s having his picture made Thursday.? Additional Details: Does anyone have any suggestions on getting it to clear up? I’ve kept it washed good, but haven’t put any medicine or any other product on it to help get rid of it yet. I’d like to get it cleared up as much as I can by Thursday. Can you pregnant while on the birth control pill? My friend said she got pregnant both times on the pill. Can you really get pregnant if you take them like you are suppose to. I haven’t gotten pregnant but she has managed to get pregnant twice. It gives enough info, so a good answer could be given. Bad Examples: Me m8 is a ginger, wat is wrong with him? gingers Can you get sick from eating your own boogers? I would like your thoughts on this and any additions you could think of?
Do you belong to the "new Church of Global Warming"? "Aliens Cause Global Warming" A lecture by Michael Crichton California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA January 17, 2003 My topic today sounds humorous but unfortunately I am serious. I am going to argue that extraterrestrials lie behind global warming. Or to speak more precisely, I will argue that a belief in extraterrestrials has paved the way, in a progression of steps, to a belief in global warming. Charting this progression of belief will be my task today. Let me say at once that I have no desire to discourage anyone from believing in either extraterrestrials or global warming. That would be quite impossible to do. Rather, I want to discuss the history of several widely-publicized beliefs and to point to what I consider an emerging crisis in the whole enterprise of science-namely the increasingly uneasy relationship between hard science and public policy. I have a special interest in this because of my own upbringing. I was born in the midst of World War II, and passed my formative years at the height of the Cold War. In school drills, I dutifully crawled under my desk in preparation for a nuclear attack. It was a time of widespread fear and uncertainty, but even as a child I believed that science represented the best and greatest hope for mankind. Even to a child, the contrast was clear between the world of politics-a world of hate and danger, of irrational beliefs and fears, of mass manipulation and disgraceful blots on human history. In contrast, science held different values-international in scope, forging friendships and working relationships across national boundaries and political systems, encouraging a dispassionate habit of thought, and ultimately leading to fresh knowledge and technology that would benefit all mankind. The world might not be avery good place, but science would make it better. And it did. In my lifetime, science has largely fulfilled its promise. Science has been the great intellectual adventure of our age, and a great hope for our troubled and restless world. But I did not expect science merely to extend lifespan, feed the hungry, cure disease, and shrink the world with jets and cell phones. I also expected science to banish the evils of human thought---prejudice and superstition, irrational beliefs and false fears. I expected science to be, in Carl Sagan's memorable phrase, "a candle in a demon haunted world." And here, I am not so pleased with the impact of science. Rather than serving as a cleansing force, science has in some instances been seduced by the more ancient lures of politics and publicity. Some of the demons that haunt our world in recent years are invented by scientists. The world has not benefited from permitting these demons to escape free. But let's look at how it came to pass. Cast your minds back to 1960. John F. Kennedy is president, commercial jet airplanes are just appearing, the biggest university mainframes have 12K of memory. And in Green Bank, West Virginia at the new National Radio Astronomy Observatory, a young astrophysicist named Frank Drake runs a two week project called Ozma, to search for extraterrestrial signals. A signal is received, to great excitement. It turns out to be false, but the excitement remains. In 1960, Drake organizes the first SETI conference, and came up with the now-famous Drake equation: N=N*fp ne fl fi fc fL Where N is the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy; fp is the fraction with planets; ne is the number of planets per star capable of supporting life; fl is the fraction of planets where life evolves; fi is the fraction where intelligent life evolves; and fc is the fraction that communicates; and fL is the fraction of the planet's life during which the communicating civilizations live. This serious-looking equation gave SETI an serious footing as a legitimate intellectual inquiry. The problem, of course, is that none of the terms can be known, and most cannot even be estimated. The only way to work the equation is to fill in with guesses. And guesses-just so we're clear-are merely expressions of prejudice. Nor can there be "informed guesses." If you need to state how many planets with life choose to communicate, there is simply no way to make an informed guess. It's simply prejudice. As a result, the Drake equation can have any value from "billions and billions" to zero. An expression that can mean anything means nothing. Speaking precisely, the Drake equation is literally meaningless, and has nothing to do with science. I take the hard view that science involves the creation of testable hypotheses. The Drake equation cannot be tested and therefore SETI is not science. SETI is unquestionably a religion. Faith is defined as the firm belief in something for which there is no proof. The belief that the Koran is the word of God is a matter of faith. The belief that God created the universe in seven days is a matter of faith. The belief that there are other life forms in the universe is a matter of faith. There is not a single shred of evidence for any other life forms, and in forty years of searching, none has been discovered. There is absolutely no evidentiary reason to maintain this belief. SETI is a religion. One way to chart the cooling of enthusiasm is to review popular works on the subject. In 1964, at the height of SETI enthusiasm, Walter Sullivan of the NY Times wrote an exciting book about life in the universe entitled WE ARE NOT ALONE. By 1995, when Paul Davis wrote a book on the same subject, he titled it ARE WE ALONE? ( Since 1981, there have in fact been four books titled ARE WE ALONE.) More recently we have seen the rise of the so-called "Rare Earth" theory which suggests that we may, in fact, be all alone. Again, there is no evidence either way. Back in the sixties, SETI had its critics, although not among astrophysicists and astronomers. The biologists and paleontologists were harshest. George Gaylord Simpson of Harvard sneered that SETI was a "study without a subject," and it remains so to the present day. But scientists in general have been indulgent toward SETI, viewing it either with bemused tolerance, or with indifference. After all, what's the big deal? It's kind of fun. If people want to look, let them. Only a curmudgeon would speak harshly of SETI. It wasn't worth the bother. And of course it is true that untestable theories may have heuristic value. Of course extraterrestrials are a good way to teach science to kids. But that does not relieve us of the obligation to see the Drake equation clearly for what it is-pure speculation in quasi-scientific trappings. The fact that the Drake equation was not greeted with screams of outrage-similar to the screams of outrage that greet each Creationist new claim, for example-meant that now there was a crack in the door, a loosening of the definition of what constituted legitimate scientific procedure. And soon enough, pernicious garbage began to squeeze through the cracks. Now let's jump ahead a decade to the 1970s, and Nuclear Winter. In 1975, the National Academy of Sciences reported on "Long-Term Worldwide Effects of Multiple Nuclear Weapons Detonations" but the report estimated the effect of dust from nuclear blasts to be relatively minor. In 1979, the Office of Technology Assessment issued a report on "The Effects of Nuclear War" and stated that nuclear war could perhaps produce irreversible adverse consequences on the environment. However, because the scientific processes involved were poorly understood, the report stated it was not possible to estimate the probable magnitude of such damage. Three years later, in 1982, the Swedish Academy of Sciences commissioned a report entitled "The Atmosphere after a Nuclear War: Twilight at Noon," which attempted to quantify the effect of smoke from burning forests and cities. The authors speculated that there would be so much smoke that a large cloud over the northern hemisphere would reduce incoming sunlight below the level required for photosynthesis, and that this would last for weeks or even longer. The following year, five scientists including Richard Turco and Carl Sagan published a paper in Science called "Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions." This was the so-called TTAPS report, which attempted to quantify more rigorously the atmospheric effects, with the added credibility to be gained from an actual computer model of climate. At the heart of the TTAPS undertaking was another equation, never specifically expressed, but one that could be paraphrased as follows: Ds = Wn Ws Wh Tf Tb Pt Pr Pe… etc (The amount of tropospheric dust=# warheads x size warheads x warhead detonation height x flammability of targets x Target burn duration x Particles entering the Troposphere x Particle reflectivity x Particle endurance…and so on.) The similarity to the Drake equation is striking. As with the Drake equation, none of the variables can be determined. None at all. The TTAPS study addressed this problem in part by mapping out different wartime scenarios and assigning numbers to some of the variables, but even so, the remaining variables were-and are-simply unknowable. Nobody knows how much smoke will be generated when cities burn, creating particles of what kind, and for how long. No one knows the effect of local weather conditions on the amount of particles that will be injected into the troposphere. No one knows how long the particles will remain in the troposphere. And so on. And remember, this is only four years after the OTA study concluded that the underlying scientific processes were so poorly known that no estimates could be reliably made. Nevertheless, the TTAPS study not only made those estimates, but concluded they were catastrophic. According to Sagan and his coworkers, even a limited 5,000 megaton nuclear exchange would cause a global temperature drop of more than 35 degrees Centigrade, and this change would last for three months. The greatest volcanic eruptions that we know of changed world temperatures somewhere between .5 and 2 degrees Centigrade. Ice ages changed global temperatures by 10 degrees. Here we have an estimated change three times greater than any ice age. One might expect it to be the subject of some dispute. But Sagan and his coworkers were prepared, for nuclear winter was from the outset the subject of a well-orchestrated media campaign. The first announcement of nuclear winter appeared in an article by Sagan in the Sunday supplement, Parade. The very next day, a highly-publicized, high-profile conference on the long-term consequences of nuclear war was held in Washington, chaired by Carl Sagan and Paul Ehrlich, the most famous and media-savvy scientists of their generation. Sagan appeared on the Johnny Carson show 40 times. Ehrlich was on 25 times. Following the conference, there were press conferences, meetings with congressmen, and so on. The formal papers in Science came months later. This is not the way science is done, it is the way products are sold. The real nature of the conference is indicated by these artists' renderings of the the effect of nuclear winter. I cannot help but quote the caption for figure 5: "Shown here is a tranquil scene in the north woods. A beaver has just completed its dam, two black bears forage for food, a swallow-tailed butterfly flutters in the foreground, a loon swims quietly by, and a kingfisher searches for a tasty fish." Hard science if ever there was. At the conference in Washington, during the question period, Ehrlich was reminded that after Hiroshima and Nagasaki, scientists were quoted as saying nothing would grow there for 75 years, but in fact melons were growing the next year. So, he was asked, how accurate were these findings now? Ehrlich answered by saying "I think they are extremely robust. Scientists may have made statements like that, although I cannot imagine what their basis would have been, even with the state of science at that time, but scientists are always making absurd statements, individually, in various places. What we are doing here, however, is presenting a consensus of a very large group of scientists…" I want to pause here and talk about this notion of consensus, and the rise of what has been called consensus science. I regard consensus science as an extremely pernicious development that ought to be stopped cold in its tracks. Historically, the claim of consensus has been the first refuge of scoundrels; it is a way to avoid debate by claiming that the matter is already settled. Whenever you hear the consensus of scientists agrees on something or other, reach for your wallet, because you're being had. Let's be clear: the work of science has nothing whatever to do with consensus. Consensus is the business of politics. Science, on the contrary, requires only one investigator who happens to be right, which means that he or she has results that are verifiable by reference to the real world. In science consensus is irrelevant. What is relevant is reproducible results. The greatest scientists in history are great precisely because they broke with the consensus. There is no such thing as consensus science. If it's consensus, it isn't science. If it's science, it isn't consensus. Period. In addition, let me remind you that the track record of the consensus is nothing to be proud of. Let's review a few cases. In past centuries, the greatest killer of women was fever following childbirth . One woman in six died of this fever. In 1795, Alexander Gordon of Aberdeen suggested that the fevers were infectious processes, and he was able to cure them. The consensus said no. In 1843, Oliver Wendell Holmes claimed puerperal fever was contagious, and presented compellng evidence. The consensus said no. In 1849, Semmelweiss demonstrated that sanitary techniques virtually eliminated puerperal fever in hospitals under his management. The consensus said he was a Jew, ignored him, and dismissed him from his post. There was in fact no agreement on puerperal fever until the start of the twentieth century. Thus the consensus took one hundred and twenty five years to arrive at the right conclusion despite the efforts of the prominent "skeptics" around the world, skeptics who were demeaned and ignored. And despite the constant ongoing deaths of women. There is no shortage of other examples. In the 1920s in America, tens of thousands of people, mostly poor, were dying of a disease called pellagra. The consensus of scientists said it was infectious, and what was necessary was to find the "pellagra germ." The US government asked a brilliant young investigator, Dr. Joseph Goldberger, to find the cause. Goldberger concluded that diet was the crucial factor. The consensus remained wedded to the germ theory. Goldberger demonstrated that he could induce the disease through diet. He demonstrated that the disease was not infectious by injecting the blood of a pellagra patient into himself, and his assistant. They and other volunteers swabbed their noses with swabs from pellagra patients, and swallowed capsules containing scabs from pellagra rashes in what were called "Goldberger's filth parties." Nobody contracted pellagra. The consensus continued to disagree with him. There was, in addition, a social factor-southern States disliked the idea of poor diet as the cause, because it meant that social reform was required. They continued to deny it until the 1920s. Result-despite a twentieth century epidemic, the consensus took years to see the light. Probably every schoolchild notices that South America and Africa seem to fit together rather snugly, and Alfred Wegener proposed, in 1912, that the continents had in fact drifted apart. The consensus sneered at continental drift for fifty years. The theory was most vigorously denied by the great names of geology-until 1961, when it began to seem as if the sea floors were spreading. The result: it took the consensus fifty years to acknowledge what any schoolchild sees. And shall we go on? The examples can be multiplied endlessly. Jenner and smallpox, Pasteur and germ theory. Saccharine, margarine, repressed memory, fiber and colon cancer, hormone replacement therap6y…the list of consensus errors goes on and on. Finally, I would remind you to notice where the claim of consensus is invoked. Consensus is invoked only in situations where the science is not solid enough. Nobody says the consensus of scientists agrees that E=mc2. Nobody says the consensus is that the sun is 93 million miles away. It would never occur to anyone to speak that way. But back to our main subject. What I have been suggesting to you is that nuclear winter was a meaningless formula, tricked out with bad science, for policy ends. It was political from the beginning, promoted in a well-orchestrated media campaign that had to be planned weeks or months in advance. Further evidence of the political nature of the whole project can be found in the response to criticism. Although Richard Feynman was characteristically blunt, saying, "I really don't think these guys know what they're talking about," other prominent scientists were noticeably reticent. Freeman Dyson was quoted as saying "It's an absolutely atrocious piece of science but…who wants to be accused of being in favor of nuclear war?" And Victor Weisskopf said, "The science is terrible but---perhaps the psychology is good." The nuclear winter team followed up the publication of such comments with letters to the editors denying that these statements were ever made, though the scientists since then have subsequently confirmed their views. At the time, there was a concerted desire on the part of lots of people to avoid nuclear war. If nuclear winter looked awful, why investigate too closely? Who wanted to disagree? Only people like Edward Teller, the "father of the H bomb." Teller said, "While it is generally recognized that details are still uncertain and deserve much more study, Dr. Sagan nevertheless has taken the position that the whole scenario is so robust that there can be little doubt about its main conclusions." Yet for most people, the fact that nuclear winter was a scenario riddled with uncertainties did not seem to be relevant. I say it is hugely relevant. Once you abandon strict adherence to what science tells us, once you start arranging the truth in a press conference, then anything is possible. In one context, maybe you will get some mobilization against nuclear war. But in another context, you get Lysenkoism. In another, you get Nazi euthanasia. The danger is always there, if you subvert science to political ends. That is why it is so important for the future of science that the line between what science can say with certainty, and what it cannot, be drawn clearly-and defended. What happened to Nuclear Winter? As the media glare faded, its robust scenario appeared less persuasive; John Maddox, editor of Nature, repeatedly criticized its claims; within a year, Stephen Schneider, one of the leading figures in the climate model, began to speak of "nuclear autumn." It just didn't have the same ring. A final media embarrassment came in 1991, when Carl Sagan predicted on Nightline that Kuwaiti oil fires would produce a nuclear winter effect, causing a "year without a summer," and endangering crops around the world. Sagan stressed this outcome was so likely that "it should affect the war plans." None of it happened. What, then, can we say were the lessons of Nuclear Winter? I believe the lesson was that with a catchy name, a strong policy position and an aggressive media campaign, nobody will dare to criticize the science, and in short order, a terminally weak thesis will be established as fact. After that, any criticism becomes beside the point. The war is already over without a shot being fired. That was the lesson, and we had a textbook application soon afterward, with second hand smoke. In 1993, the EPA announced that second-hand smoke was "responsible for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths each year in nonsmoking adults," and that it " impairs the respiratory health of hundreds of thousands of people." In a 1994 pamphlet the EPA said that the eleven studies it based its decision on were not by themselves conclusive, and that they collectively assigned second-hand smoke a risk factor of 1.19. (For reference, a risk factor below 3.0 is too small for action by the EPA. or for publication in the New England Journal of Medicine, for example.) Furthermore, since there was no statistical association at the 95% confidence limits, the EPA lowered the limit to 90%. They then classified second hand smoke as a Group A Carcinogen. This was openly fraudulent science, but it formed the basis for bans on smoking in restaurants, offices, and airports. California banned public smoking in 1995. Soon, no claim was too extreme. By 1998, the Christian Science Monitor was saying that "Second-hand smoke is the nation's third-leading preventable cause of death." The American Cancer Society announced that 53,000 people died each year of second-hand smoke. The evidence for this claim is nonexistent. In 1998, a Federal judge held that the EPA had acted improperly, had "committed to a conclusion before research had begun", and had "disregarded information and made findings on selective information." The reaction of Carol Browner, head of the EPA was: "We stand by our science….there's wide agreement. The American people certainly recognize that exposure to second hand smoke brings…a whole host of health problems." Again, note how the claim of consensus trumps science. In this case, it isn't even a consensus of scientists that Browner evokes! It's the consensus of the American people. Meanwhile, ever-larger studies failed to confirm any association. A large, seven-country WHO study in 1998 found no association. Nor have well-controlled subsequent studies, to my knowledge. Yet we now read, for example, that second hand smoke is a cause of breast cancer. At this point you can say pretty much anything you want about second-hand smoke. As with nuclear winter, bad science is used to promote what most people would consider good policy. I certainly think it is. I don't want people smoking around me. So who will speak out against banning second-hand smoke? Nobody, and if you do, you'll be branded a shill of RJ Reynolds. A big tobacco flunky. But the truth is that we now have a social policy supported by the grossest of superstitions. And we've given the EPA a bad lesson in how to behave in the future. We've told them that cheating is the way to succeed. As the twentieth century drew to a close, the connection between hard scientific fact and public policy became increasingly elastic. In part this was possible because of the complacency of the scientific profession; in part because of the lack of good science education among the public; in part, because of the rise of specialized advocacy groups which have been enormously effective in getting publicity and shaping policy; and in great part because of the decline of the media as an independent assessor of fact. The deterioration of the American media is dire loss for our country. When distinguished institutions like the New York Times can no longer differentiate between factual content and editorial opinion, but rather mix both freely on their front page, then who will hold anyone to a higher standard? And so, in this elastic anything-goes world where science-or non-science-is the hand maiden of questionable public policy, we arrive at last at global warming. It is not my purpose here to rehash the details of this most magnificent of the demons haunting the world. I would just remind you of the now-familiar pattern by which these things are established. Evidentiary uncertainties are glossed over in the unseemly rush for an overarching policy, and for grants to support the policy by delivering findings that are desired by the patron. Next, the isolation of those scientists who won't get with the program, and the characterization of those scientists as outsiders and "skeptics" in quotation marks-suspect individuals with suspect motives, industry flunkies, reactionaries, or simply anti-environmental nutcases. In short order, debate ends, even though prominent scientists are uncomfortable about how things are being done. When did "skeptic" become a dirty word in science? When did a skeptic require quotation marks around it? To an outsider, the most significant innovation in the global warming controversy is the overt reliance that is being placed on models. Back in the days of nuclear winter, computer models were invoked to add weight to a conclusion: "These results are derived with the help of a computer model." But now large-scale computer models are seen as generating data in themselves. No longer are models judged by how well they reproduce data from the real world-increasingly, models provide the data. As if they were themselves a reality. And indeed they are, when we are projecting forward. There can be no observational data about the year 2100. There are only model runs. This fascination with computer models is something I understand very well. Richard Feynmann called it a disease. I fear he is right. Because only if you spend a lot of time looking at a computer screen can you arrive at the complex point where the global warming debate now stands. Nobody believes a weather prediction twelve hours ahead. Now we're asked to believe a prediction that goes out 100 years into the future? And make financial investments based on that prediction? Has everybody lost their minds? Stepping back, I have to say the arrogance of the modelmakers is breathtaking. There have been, in every century, scientists who say they know it all. Since climate may be a chaotic system-no one is sure-these predictions are inherently doubtful, to be polite. But more to the point, even if the models get the science spot-on, they can never get the sociology. To predict anything about the world a hundred years from now is simply absurd. Look: If I was selling stock in a company that I told you would be profitable in 2100, would you buy it? Or would you think the idea was so crazy that it must be a scam? Let's think back to people in 1900 in, say, New York. If they worried about people in 2000, what would they worry about? Probably: Where would people get enough horses? And what would they do about all the horseshit? Horse pollution was bad in 1900, think how much worse it would be a century later, with so many more people riding horses? But of course, within a few years, nobody rode horses except for sport. And in 2000, France was getting 80% its power from an energy source that was unknown in 1900. Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and Japan were getting more than 30% from this source, unknown in 1900. Remember, people in 1900 didn't know what an atom was. They didn't know its structure. They also didn't know what a radio was, or an airport, or a movie, or a television, or a computer, or a cell phone, or a jet, an antibiotic, a rocket, a satellite, an MRI, ICU, IUD, IBM, IRA, ERA, EEG, EPA, IRS, DOD, PCP, HTML, internet. interferon, instant replay, remote sensing, remote control, speed dialing, gene therapy, gene splicing, genes, spot welding, heat-seeking, bipolar, prozac, leotards, lap dancing, email, tape recorder, CDs, airbags, plastic explosive, plastic, robots, cars, liposuction, transduction, superconduction, dish antennas, step aerobics, smoothies, twelve-step, ultrasound, nylon, rayon, teflon, fiber optics, carpal tunnel, laser surgery, laparoscopy, corneal transplant, kidney transplant, AIDS… None of this would have meant anything to a person in the year 1900. They wouldn't know what you are talking about. Now. You tell me you can predict the world of 2100. Tell me it's even worth thinking about. Our models just carry the present into the future. They're bound to be wrong. Everybody who gives a moment's thought knows it. I remind you that in the lifetime of most scientists now living, we have already had an example of dire predictions set aside by new technology. I refer to the green revolution. In 1960, Paul Ehrlich said, "The battle to feed humanity is over. In the 1970s the world will undergo famines-hundreds of millions of people are going to starve to death." Ten years later, he predicted four billion people would die during the 1980s, including 65 million Americans. The mass starvation that was predicted never occurred, and it now seems it isn't ever going to happen. Nor is the population explosion going to reach the numbers predicted even ten years ago. In 1990, climate modelers anticipated a world population of 11 billion by 2100. Today, some people think the correct number will be 7 billion and falling. But nobody knows for sure. But it is impossible to ignore how closely the history of global warming fits on the previous template for nuclear winter. Just as the earliest studies of nuclear winter stated that the uncertainties were so great that probabilites could never be known, so, too the first pronouncements on global warming argued strong limits on what could be determined with certainty about climate change. The 1995 IPCC draft report said, "Any claims of positive detection of significant climate change are likely to remain controversial until uncertainties in the total natural variability of the climate system are reduced." It also said, "No study to date has positively attributed all or part of observed climate changes to anthropogenic causes." Those statements were removed, and in their place appeared: "The balance of evidence suggests a discernable human influence on climate." What is clear, however, is that on this issue, science and policy have become inextricably mixed to the point where it will be difficult, if not impossible, to separate them out. It is possible for an outside observer to ask serious questions about the conduct of investigations into global warming, such as whether we are taking appropriate steps to improve the quality of our observational data records, whether we are systematically obtaining the information that will clarify existing uncertainties, whether we have any organized disinterested mechanism to direct research in this contentious area. The answer to all these questions is no. We don't. In trying to think about how these questions can be resolved, it occurs to me that in the progression from SETI to nuclear winter to second hand smoke to global warming, we have one clear message, and that is that we can expect more and more problems of public policy dealing with technical issues in the future-problems of ever greater seriousness, where people care passionately on all sides. And at the moment we have no mechanism to get good answers. So I will propose one. Just as we have established a tradition of double-blinded research to determine drug efficacy, we must institute double-blinded research in other policy areas as well. Certainly the increased use of computer models, such as GCMs, cries out for the separation of those who make the models from those who verify them. The fact is that the present structure of science is entrepeneurial, with individual investigative teams vying for funding from organizations which all too often have a clear stake in the outcome of the research-or appear to, which may be just as bad. This is not healthy for science. Sooner or later, we must form an independent research institute in this country. It must be funded by industry, by government, and by private philanthropy, both individuals and trusts. The money must be pooled, so that investigators do not know who is paying them. The institute must fund more than one team to do research in a particular area, and the verification of results will be a foregone requirement: teams will know their results will be checked by other groups. In many cases, those who decide how to gather the data will not gather it, and those who gather the data will not analyze it. If we were to address the land temperature records with such rigor, we would be well on our way to an understanding of exactly how much faith we can place in global warming, and therefore what seriousness we must address this. I believe that as we come to the end of this litany, some of you may be saying, well what is the big deal, really. So we made a few mistakes. So a few scientists have overstated their cases and have egg on their faces. So what. Well, I'll tell you. In recent years, much has been said about the post modernist claims about science to the effect that science is just another form of raw power, tricked out in special claims for truth-seeking and objectivity that really have no basis in fact. Science, we are told, is no better than any other undertaking. These ideas anger many scientists, and they anger me. But recent events have made me wonder if they are correct. We can take as an example the scientific reception accorded a Danish statistician, Bjorn Lomborg, who wrote a book called The Skeptical Environmentalist. The scientific community responded in a way that can only be described as disgraceful. In professional literature, it was complained he had no standing because he was not an earth scientist. His publisher, Cambridge University Press, was attacked with cries that the editor should be fired, and that all right-thinking scientists should shun the press. The past president of the AAAS wondered aloud how Cambridge could have ever "published a book that so clearly could never have passed peer review." )But of course the manuscript did pass peer review by three earth scientists on both sides of the Atlantic, and all recommended publication.) But what are scientists doing attacking a press? Is this the new McCarthyism-coming from scientists? Worst of all was the behavior of the Scientific American, which seemed intent on proving the post-modernist point that it was all about power, not facts. The Scientific American attacked Lomborg for eleven pages, yet only came up with nine factual errors despite their assertion that the book was "rife with careless mistakes." It was a poor display featuring vicious ad hominem attacks, including comparing him to a Holocust denier. The issue was captioned: "Science defends itself against the Skeptical Environmentalist." Really. Science has to defend itself? Is this what we have come to? When Lomborg asked for space to rebut his critics, he was given only a page and a half. When he said it wasn't enough, he put the critics' essays on his web page and answered them in detail. Scientific American threatened copyright infringement and made him take the pages down. Further attacks since have made it clear what is going on. Lomborg is charged with heresy. That's why none of his critics needs to substantiate their attacks in any detail. That's why the facts don't matter. That's why they can attack him in the most vicious personal terms. He's a heretic. Of course, any scientist can be charged as Galileo was charged. I just never thought I'd see the Scientific American in the role of mother church. Is this what science has become? I hope not. But it is what it will become, unless there is a concerted effort by leading scientists to aggressively separate science from policy. The late Philip Handler, former president of the National Academy of Sciences, said that "Scientists best serve public policy by living within the ethics of science, not those of politics. If the scientific community will not unfrock the charlatans, the public will not discern the difference-science and the nation will suffer." Personally, I don't worry about the nation. But I do worry about science. Thank you very much.
Is carbon-14 dating accurate? (read the whole article or dont answer)? Answers in Genesis: Upholding the Authority of the Bible from the Very First Verse Upholding the Authority of the Bible from the Very First Verse United Kingdom United States Other Countries ... Country: United States Language: English Good news About us Contact us Home Get Answers Store Magazine Events Creation Museum Media Creation Education Support Jobs Get Answers Article archives Creation archives TJ archives E-newsletters Feedback Devotionals Creation scientists Bookstore Monthly specials Books Multimedia Magazine Translations Answers magazine Current issue Article archive Kids Answers Subscribe Renew Event calendar Request an event Video conference coordinators Speaker biographies Creation Museum Museum blog & photos Walk-through News archive Photo archive Video archive Museum support Media Search media Answers Radio Radio archive Mini-Dramas Radio stations Video on-demand Press kit Creation education Study guides Curricula Online books PowerPoint Book reviews Writing projects Support Monthly partners Pray for the ministry Items & services needed Volunteer Planned Giving Jobs Jobs at Answers in Genesis Other creationist jobs Email to a friend Print-Friendly Answers Magazine Subscribe Now! Answers, the new Bible-affirming magazine from Answers in Genesis, is now shipping! Answers features articles on a variety of topics that impact Christians today, and includes a detachable chart, a pullout children’s magazine, excellent layman and semi-technical articles and bonus content from the AnswersMagazine.com website. Our writers, scientists and publishing team believe you’ll be thrilled with Answers. So why wait? Subscribe today! What about carbon dating? by Don Batten (editor), Ken Ham, Jonathan Sarfati, and Carl Wieland First published in The Revised and Expanded Answers Book Chapter 4 How does the carbon ‘clock’ work? Is it reliable? What does carbon dating really show? What about other radiometric dating methods? Is there evidence that the earth is young? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Related articles: Radiometric Dating Questions and Answers RATE research reveals remarkable results—a fatal blow to billions of years RATE group reveals exciting breakthroughs! Rating radiodating Radiometric dating breakthroughs The parable of the candle Recommended Resources: Thousands … Not Billions Thousands … Not Billions (DVD) Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth— Volume 1 & Volume 2 & DVD The Revised and Expanded Answers Book Refuting Evolution People who ask about carbon-14 (14C) dating usually want to know about the radiometric1 dating methods that are claimed to give millions and billions of years—carbon dating can only give thousands of years. People wonder how millions of years could be squeezed into the biblical account of history. Clearly, such huge time periods cannot be fitted into the Bible without compromising what the Bible says about the goodness of God and the origin of sin, death and suffering—the reason Jesus came into the world. Christians, by definition, take the statements of Jesus Christ seriously. He said, ‘But from the beginning of the creation God made them male and female’ (Mark 10:6). This only makes sense with a time-line beginning with the creation week thousands of years ago. It makes no sense at all if man appeared at the end of billions of years. We will deal with carbon dating first and then with the other dating methods. How the carbon clock works Carbon has unique properties that are essential for life on earth. Familiar to us as the black substance in charred wood, as diamonds, and the graphite in ‘lead’ pencils, carbon comes in several forms, or isotopes. One rare form has atoms that are 14 times as heavy as hydrogen atoms: carbon-14, or 14C, or radiocarbon. Carbon-14 is made when cosmic rays knock neutrons out of atomic nuclei in the upper atmosphere. These displaced neutrons, now moving fast, hit ordinary nitrogen (14N) at lower altitudes, converting it into 14C. Unlike common carbon (12C), 14C is unstable and slowly decays, changing it back to nitrogen and releasing energy. This instability makes it radioactive. Ordinary carbon (12C) is found in the carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air, which is taken up by plants, which in turn are eaten by animals. So a bone, or a leaf or a tree, or even a piece of wooden furniture, contains carbon. When the 14C has been formed, like ordinary carbon (12C), it combines with oxygen to give carbon dioxide (14CO2), and so it also gets cycled through the cells of plants and animals. We can take a sample of air, count how many 12C atoms there are for every 14C atom, and calculate the 14C/12C ratio. Because 14C is so well mixed up with 12C, we expect to find that this ratio is the same if we sample a leaf from a tree, or a part of your body. In living things, although 14C atoms are constantly changing back to 14N, they are still exchanging carbon with their surroundings, so the mixture remains about the same as in the atmosphere. However, as soon as a plant or animal dies, the 14C atoms which decay are no longer replaced, so the amount of 14C in that once-living thing decreases as time goes on. In other words, the 14C/12C ratio gets smaller. So, we have a ‘clock’ which starts ticking the moment something dies. Obviously, this works only for things which were once living. It cannot be used to date volcanic rocks, for example. The rate of decay of 14C is such that half of an amount will convert back to 14N in 5,730 years (plus or minus 40 years). This is the ‘half-life.’ So, in two half-lives, or 11,460 years, only one-quarter will be left. Thus, if the amount of 14C relative to 12C in a sample is one-quarter of that in living organisms at present, then it has a theoretical age of 11,460 years. Anything over about 50,000 years old, should theoretically have no detectable 14C left. That is why radiocarbon dating cannot give millions of years. In fact, if a sample contains 14C, it is good evidence that it is not millions of years old. However, things are not quite so simple. First, plants discriminate against carbon dioxide containing 14C. That is, they take up less than would be expected and so they test older than they really are. Furthermore, different types of plants discriminate differently. This also has to be corrected for.2 Second, the ratio of 14C/12C in the atmosphere has not been constant—for example, it was higher before the industrial era when the massive burning of fossil fuels released a lot of carbon dioxide that was depleted in 14C. This would make things which died at that time appear older in terms of carbon dating. Then there was a rise in 14CO2 with the advent of atmospheric testing of atomic bombs in the 1950s.3 This would make things carbon-dated from that time appear younger than their true age. Measurement of 14C in historically dated objects (e.g., seeds in the graves of historically dated tombs) enables the level of 14C in the atmosphere at that time to be estimated, and so partial calibration of the ‘clock’ is possible. Accordingly, carbon dating carefully applied to items from historical times can be useful. However, even with such historical calibration, archaeologists do not regard 14C dates as absolute because of frequent anomalies. They rely more on dating methods that link into historical records. Outside the range of recorded history, calibration of the 14C clock is not possible.4 Other factors affecting carbon dating The amount of cosmic rays penetrating the earth’s atmosphere affects the amount of 14C produced and therefore dating the system. The amount of cosmic rays reaching the earth varies with the sun’s activity, and with the earth's passage through magnetic clouds as the solar system travels around the Milky Way galaxy. The strength of the earth’s magnetic field affects the amount of cosmic rays entering the atmosphere. A stronger magnetic field deflects more cosmic rays away from the earth. Overall, the energy of the earth’s magnetic field has been decreasing,5 so more 14C is being produced now than in the past. This will make old things look older than they really are. Also, the Genesis flood would have greatly upset the carbon balance. The flood buried a huge amount of carbon, which became coal, oil, etc., lowering the total 12C in the biosphere (including the atmosphere—plants regrowing after the flood absorb CO2, which is not replaced by the decay of the buried vegetation). Total 14C is also proportionately lowered at this time, but whereas no terrestrial process generates any more 12C, 14C is continually being produced, and at a rate which does not depend on carbon levels (it comes from nitrogen). Therefore, the 14C/12C ratio in plants/animals/the atmosphere before the flood had to be lower than what it is now. Unless this effect (which is additional to the magnetic field issue just discussed) were corrected for, carbon dating of fossils formed in the flood would give ages much older than the true ages. Creationist researchers have suggested that dates of 35,000 - 45,000 years should be re-calibrated to the biblical date of the flood.6 Such a re-calibration makes sense of anomalous data from carbon dating—for example, very discordant ‘dates’ for different parts of a frozen musk ox carcass from Alaska and an inordinately slow rate of accumulation of ground sloth dung pellets in the older layers of a cave where the layers were carbon dated.7 Also, volcanoes emit much CO2 depleted in 14C. Since the flood was accompanied by much volcanism, fossils formed in the early post-flood period would give radiocarbon ages older than they really are. In summary, the carbon-14 method, when corrected for the effects of the flood, can give useful results, but needs to be applied carefully. It does not give dates of millions of years and when corrected properly fits well with the biblical flood. Other radiometric dating methods There are various other radiometric dating methods used today to give ages of millions or billions of years for rocks. These techniques, unlike carbon dating, mostly use the relative concentrations of parent and daughter products in radioactive decay chains. For example, potassium-40 decays to argon-40; uranium-238 decays to lead-206 via other elements like radium; uranium-235 decays to lead-207; rubidium-87 decays to strontium-87; etc. These techniques are applied to igneous rocks, and are normally seen as giving the time since solidification. The isotope concentrations can be measured very accurately, but isotope concentrations are not dates. To derive ages from such measurements, unprovable assumptions have to be made such as: The starting conditions are known (for example, that there was no daughter isotope present at the start, or that we know how much was there). Decay rates have always been constant. Systems were closed or isolated so that no parent or daughter isotopes were lost or added. There are patterns in the isotope data There is plenty of evidence that the radioisotope dating systems are not the infallible techniques many think, and that they are not measuring millions of years. However, there are still patterns to be explained. For example, deeper rocks often tend to give older ‘ages.’ Creationists agree that the deeper rocks are generally older, but not by millions of years. Geologist John Woodmorappe, in his devastating critique of radioactive dating,8 points out that there are other large-scale trends in the rocks that have nothing to do with radioactive decay. ‘Bad’ dates When a ‘date’ differs from that expected, researchers readily invent excuses for rejecting the result. The common application of such posterior reasoning shows that radiometric dating has serious problems. Woodmorappe cites hundreds of examples of excuses used to explain ‘bad’ dates.9 For example, researchers applied posterior reasoning to the dating of Australopithecus ramidus fossils.10 Most samples of basalt closest to the fossil-bearing strata give dates of about 23 Ma (Mega annum, million years) by the argon-argon method. The authors decided that was ‘too old,’ according to their beliefs about the place of the fossils in the evolutionary grand scheme of things. So they looked at some basalt further removed from the fossils and selected 17 of 26 samples to get an acceptable maximum age of 4.4 Ma. The other nine samples again gave much older dates but the authors decided they must be contaminated and discarded them. That is how radiometric dating works. It is very much driven by the existing long-age world view that pervades academia today. A similar story surrounds the dating of the primate skull known as KNM-ER 1470.11 This started with an initial 212 to 230 Ma, which, according to the fossils, was considered way off the mark (humans ‘weren’t around then’). Various other attempts were made to date the volcanic rocks in the area. Over the years an age of 2.9 Ma was settled upon because of the agreement between several different published studies (although the studies involved selection of ‘good’ from ‘bad’ results, just like Australopithecus ramidus, above). However, preconceived notions about human evolution could not cope with a skull like 1470 being ‘that old.’ A study of pig fossils in Africa readily convinced most anthropologists that the 1470 skull was much younger. After this was widely accepted, further studies of the rocks brought the radiometric age down to about 1.9 Ma—again several studies ‘confirmed’ this date. Such is the dating game. Are we suggesting that evolutionists are conspiring to massage the data to get what they want? No, not generally. It is simply that all observations must fit the prevailing paradigm. The paradigm, or belief system, of molecules-to-man evolution over eons of time, is so strongly entrenched it is not questioned—it is a ‘fact.’ So every observation must fit this paradigm. Unconsciously, the researchers, who are supposedly ‘objective scientists’ in the eyes of the public, select the observations to fit the basic belief system. We must remember that the past is not open to the normal processes of experimental science, that is, repeatable experiments in the present. A scientist cannot do experiments on events that happened in the past. Scientists do not measure the age of rocks, they measure isotope concentrations, and these can be measured extremely accurately. However, the ‘age’ is calculated using assumptions about the past that cannot be proven. We should remember God’s admonition to Job, ‘Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth?’ (Job 38:4). Those involved with unrecorded history gather information in the present and construct stories about the past. The level of proof demanded for such stories seems to be much less than for studies in the empirical sciences, such as physics, chemistry, molecular biology, physiology, etc. Williams, an expert in the environmental fate of radioactive elements, identified 17 flaws in the isotope dating reported in just three widely respected seminal papers that supposedly established the age of the earth at 4.6 billion years.12 John Woodmorappe has produced an incisive critique of these dating methods.13 He exposes hundreds of myths that have grown up around the techniques. He shows that the few ‘good’ dates left after the ‘bad’ dates are filtered out could easily be explained as fortunate coincidences. What date would you like? The forms issued by radioisotope laboratories for submission with samples to be dated commonly ask how old the sample is expected to be. Why? If the techniques were absolutely objective and reliable, such information would not be necessary. Presumably, the laboratories know that anomalous dates are common, so they need some check on whether they have obtained a ‘good’ date. Testing radiometric dating methods If the long-age dating techniques were really objective means of finding the ages of rocks, they should work in situations where we know the age. Furthermore, different techniques should consistently agree with one another. Methods should work reliably on things of known age There are many examples where the dating methods give ‘dates’ that are wrong for rocks of known age. One example is K-Ar ‘dating’ of five historical andesite lava flows from Mount Nguaruhoe in New Zealand. Although one lava flow occurred in 1949, three in 1954, and one in 1975, the ‘dates’ range from less than 0.27 to 3.5 Ma.14 Again, using hindsight, it is argued that ‘excess’ argon from the magma (molten rock) was retained in the rock when it solidified. The secular scientific literature lists many examples of excess argon causing dates of millions of years in rocks of known historical age.15 This excess appears to have come from the upper mantle, below the earth’s crust. This is consistent with a young world—the argon has had too little time to escape.16 If excess argon can cause exaggerated dates for rocks of known age, then why should we trust the method for rocks of unknown age? Other techniques, such as the use of isochrons,17 make different assumptions about starting conditions, but there is a growing recognition that such ‘foolproof’ techniques can also give ‘bad’ dates. So data are again selected according to what the researcher already believes about the age of the rock. Geologist Dr Steve Austin sampled basalt from the base of the Grand Canyon strata and from the lava that spilled over the edge of the canyon. By evolutionary reckoning, the latter should be a billion years younger than the basalt from the bottom. Standard laboratories analyzed the isotopes. The rubidium-strontium isochron technique suggested that the recent lava flow was 270 Ma older than the basalts beneath the Grand Canyon—an impossibility. Different dating techniques should consistently agree If the dating methods are an objective and reliable means of determining ages, they should agree. If a chemist were measuring the sugar content of blood, all valid methods for the determination would give the same answer (within the limits of experimental error). However, with radiometric dating, the different techniques often give quite different results. In the study of the Grand Canyon rocks by Austin, different techniques gave different results.18 Again, all sorts of reasons can be suggested for the ‘bad’ dates, but this is again posterior reasoning. Techniques that give results that can be dismissed just because they don’t agree with what we already believe cannot be considered objective. In Australia, some wood found in Tertiary basalt was clearly buried in the lava flow that formed the basalt, as can be seen from the charring. The wood was ‘dated’ by radiocarbon (14C) analysis at about 45,000 years old, but the basalt was ‘dated’ by potassium-argon method at 45 million years old!19 Isotope ratios or uraninite crystals from the Koongarra uranium body in the Northern Territory of Australia gave lead-lead isochron ages of 841 Ma, plus or minus 140 Ma.20 This contrasts with an age of 1550-1650 Ma based on other isotope ratios,21 and ages of 275, 61, 0,0, and 0 Ma for thorium/lead (232Th/208Pb) ratios in five uraninite grains. The latter figures are significant because thorium-derived dates should be the more reliable, since thorium is less mobile than the uranium minerals that are the parents of the lead isotopes in lead-lead system.22 The ‘zero’ ages in this case are consistent with the Bible. More evidence something is wrong—14C in fossils supposedly millions of years old Fossils older than 100,000 years should have too little 14C to measure, but dating labs consistently find 14C, well above background levels, in fossils supposedly many millions of years old.23,24 For example, no source of coal has been found that lacks 14C, yet this fossil fuel supposedly ranges up to hundreds of millions of years old. Fossils in rocks dated at 1–500 Ma by long-age radioisotope dating methods gave an average radiocarbon ‘age’ of about 50,000 years, much less than the limits of modern carbon dating24 (see pp. 65–69 in The Revised and Expanded Answers Book for why even these radiocarbon ages are inflated). Furthermore, there was no pattern of younger to older in the carbon dates that correlated with the evolutionary/uniformitarian ‘ages’.24 This evidence is consistent with the fossil-bearing rock layers being formed in the year-long global catastrophe of the biblical Flood, as flood geologists since Nicholas Steno (1631–1687) have recognized. Even Precambrian (‘older than 545 Ma’) graphite, which is not of organic origin, contains 14C above background levels.25 This is consistent with Earth itself being only thousands of years old, as a straightforward reading of the Bible would suggest. Many physical evidence contradict the ‘billions of years’ Of the methods that have been used to estimate the age of the earth, 90 percent point to an age far less than the billions of years asserted by evolutionists. A few of them follow. Evidence for a rapid formation of geological strata, as in the biblical flood. Some of the evidence are: lack of erosion between rock layers supposedly separated in age by many millions of years; lack of disturbance of rock strata by biological activity (worms, roots, etc.); lack of soil layers; polystrate fossils (which traverse several rock layers vertically—these could not have stood vertically for eons of time while they slowly got buried); thick layers of ‘rock’ bent without fracturing, indicating that the rock was all soft when bent; and more. For more, see books by geologists Morris26 and Austin.27 Red blood cells and hemoglobin have been found in some (unfossilized!) dinosaur bone. But these could not last more than a few thousand years—certainly not the 65 Ma since the last dinosaurs lived, according to evolutionists.28 The earth’s magnetic field has been decaying so fast that it looks like it is less than 10,000 years old. Rapid reversals during the Flood year and fluctuations shortly after would have caused the field energy to drop even faster.29, 30 Radioactive decay releases helium into the atmosphere, but not much is escaping. The total amount in the atmosphere is 1/2000th of that expected if the universe is really billions of years old. This helium originally escaped from rocks. This happens quite fast, yet so much helium is still in some rocks that it has not had time to escape—certainly not billions of years.30 A supernova is an explosion of a massive star—the explosion is so bright that it briefly outshines the rest of the galaxy. The supernova remnants (SNRs) should keep expanding for hundreds of thousands of years, according to physical equations. Yet there are no very old, widely expanded (Stage 3) SNRs, and few moderately old (Stage 1) ones in our galaxy, the Milky Way, or in its satellite galaxies, the Magellanic Clouds. This is just what we would expect for ‘young’ galaxies that have not existed long enough for wide expansion.31 The moon is slowly receding from the earth at about 4 centimeters (1.5 inches) per year, and this rate would have been greater in the past. But even if the moon had started receding from being in contact with the earth, it would have taken only 1.37 billion years to reach its present distance from the earth. This gives a maximum age of the moon, not the actual age. This is far too young for evolutionists who claim the moon is 4.6 billion years old. It is also much younger than the radiometric ‘dates’ assigned to moon rocks.32 Salt is entering the sea much faster than it is escaping. The sea is not nearly salty enough for this to have been happening for billions of years. Even granting generous assumptions to evolutionists, the sea could not be more than 62 Ma years old—far younger than the billions of years believed by the evolutionists. Again, this indicates a maximum age, not the actual age.33 Dr Russell Humphreys gives other processes inconsistent with billions of years in the pamphlet Evidence for a Young World.34 Creationists cannot prove the age of the earth using a particular scientific method, any more than evolutionists can. They realize that all science is tentative because we do not have all the data, especially when dealing with the past. This is true of both creationist and evolutionist scientific arguments—evolutionists have had to abandon many ‘proofs’ for evolution just as creationists have also had to modify their arguments. The atheistic evolutionist W.B. Provine admitted: ‘Most of what I learned of the field [evolutionary biology] in graduate (1964-68) school is either wrong or significantly changed.’ 35 Creationists understand the limitations of dating methods better than evolutionists who claim that they can use processes observed in the present to ‘prove’ that the earth is billions of years old. In reality, all dating methods, including those that point to a young earth, rely on unprovable assumptions. Creationists ultimately date the earth historically using the chronology of the Bible. This is because they believe that this is an accurate eyewitness account of world history, which bears the evidence within it that it is the Word of God, and therefore totally reliable and error-free. Then what do the radiometric ‘dates’ mean? What do the radiometric dates of millions of years mean, if they are not true ages? To answer this question, it is necessary to scrutinize further the experimental results from the various dating techniques, the interpretations made on the basis of the results and the assumptions underlying those interpretations. The isochron dating technique was thought to be infallible because it supposedly covered the assumptions about starting conditions and closed systems. Geologist Dr Andrew Snelling worked on dating the Koongarra uranium deposits in the Northern Territory of Australia, primarily using the uranium-thorium-lead (U-Th-Pb) method. He found that even highly weathered soil samples from the area, which are definitely not closed systems, gave apparently valid ‘isochron’ lines with ‘ages’ of up to 1,445 Ma. Such ‘false isochrons’ are so common that a whole terminology has grown up to describe them, such as apparent isochron, mantle isochron, pseudoisochron, secondary isochron, inherited isochron, erupted isochron, mixing line and mixing isochron. Zheng wrote: Some of the basic assumptions of the conventional Rb-Sr [rubidium-strontium] isochron method have to be modified and an observed isochron does not certainly define valid age information for a geological system, even if a goodness of fit of the experimental results is obtained in plotting 87Sr/86Sr. This problem cannot be overlooked, especially in evaluating the numerical time scale. Similar questions can also arise in applying Sm-Nd [samarium-neodymium] and U-Pb [uranium-lead] isochron methods.37 Clearly, there are factors other than age responsible for the straight lines obtained from graphing isotope ratios. Again, the only way to know if an isochron is ‘good’ is by comparing the result with what is already believed. Another currently popular dating method is the uranium-lead concordia technique. This effectively combines the two uranium-lead decay series into one diagram. Results that lie on the concordia curve have the same age according to the two lead series and are called ‘concordant.’ However, the results from zircons (a type of gemstone), for example, generally lie off the concordia curve—they are discordant. Numerous models, or stories, have been developed to explain such data.38 However, such exercises in story-telling can hardly be considered as objective science that proves an old earth. Again, the stories are evaluated according to their own success in agreeing with the existing long ages belief system. Andrew Snelling has suggested that fractionation (sorting) of elements in the molten state in the earth’s mantle could be a significant factor in explaining the ratios of isotope concentrations which are interpreted as ages. As long ago as 1966, Nobel Prize nominee Melvin Cook, professor of metallurgy at the University of Utah, pointed out evidence that lead isotope ratios, for example, may involve alteration by important factors other than radioactive decay.39 Cook noted that, in ores from the Katanga mine, for example, there was an abundance of lead-208, a stable isotope, but no Thorium-232 as a source for lead-208. Thorium has a long half-life (decays very slowly) and is not easily moved out of the rock, so if the lead-208 came from thorium decay, some thorium should still be there. The concentrations of lead-206, lead-207, and lead-208 suggest that the lead-208 came about by neutron capture conversion of lead-206 to lead-207 to lead-208. When the isotope concentrations are adjusted for such conversions, the ages calculated are reduced from some 600 Ma to recent. Other ore bodies seemed to show similar evidence. Cook recognized that the current understanding of nuclear physics did not seem to allow for such a conversion under normal conditions, but he presents evidence that such did happen, and even suggests how it could happen. Anomalies in deep rock crystals Physicist Dr Robert Gentry has pointed out that the amount of helium and lead in zircons from deep bores is not consistent with an evolutionary age of 1,500 Ma for the granite rocks in which they are found.40 The amount of lead may be consistent with current rates of decay over millions of years, but it would have diffused out of the crystals in that time. Furthermore, the amount of helium in zircons from hot rock is also much more consistent with a young earth (helium derives from the decay of radioactive elements). The lead and helium results suggest that rates of radioactive decay may have been much higher in the recent past. Humphreys has suggested that this may have occurred during creation week and the flood. This would make things look much older than they really are when current rates of decay are applied to dating. Whatever caused such elevated rates of decay may also have been responsible for the lead isotope conversions claimed by Cook (above). Orphan radiohalos Decaying radioactive particles in solid rock cause spherical zones of damage to the surrounding crystal structure. A speck of radioactive element such as Uranium-238, for example, will leave a sphere of discoloration of characteristically different radius for each element it produces in its decay chain to lead-206.41 Viewed in cross-section with a microscope, these spheres appear as rings called radiohalos. Dr Gentry has researched radiohalos for many years, and published his results in leading scientific journals.42 Some of the intermediate decay products—such as the polonium isotopes—have very short half-lives (they decay quickly). For example, 218Po has a half-life of just 3 minutes. Curiously, rings formed by polonium decay are often found embedded in crystals without the parent uranium halos. Now the polonium has to get into the rock before the rock solidifies, but it cannot derive a from a uranium speck in the solid rock, otherwise there would be a uranium halo. Either the polonium was created (primordial, not derived from uranium), or there have been radical changes in decay rates in the past. Gentry has addressed all attempts to criticize his work.43 There have been many attempts, because the orphan halos speak of conditions in the past, either at creation or after, perhaps even during the flood, which do not fit with the uniformitarian view of the past, which is the basis of the radiometric dating systems. Whatever process was responsible for the halos could be a key also to understanding radiometric dating.44 Conclusion There are many lines of evidence that the radiometric dates are not the objective evidence for an old earth that many claim, and that the world is really only thousands of years old. We don't have all the answers, but we do have the sure testimony of the Word of God to the true history of the world. Recommended resources Thousands … Not Billions (DVD) Christians no longer have to puzzle over the seemingly glaring contradiction between dating methods and the Bible's account of earth history. Radioisotopes & the Age of the Earth (DVD) Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth—Volume 1 (Hardcover) Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth—Volume 2 (Hardcover) Results of a young-earth creationist research initiative Does Carbon Dating Disprove the Bible? (Booklet) The Young Earth (Softcover) Explains in easy-to-understand terms how true science supports a young age for the Earth. Evidence For a Young World (Booklet) Contains a dozen natural phenomena which conflict with the evolutionary idea that the earth is billions of years old. The Mythology of Modern Dating Methods (Softcover) References and notes Also known as isotope or radioisotope dating. Today, a stable carbon isotope, 13C , is measured as an indication of the level of discrimination against 14C. Radiation from atomic testing, like cosmic rays, causes the conversion of 14N to 14C. Tree ring dating (dendrochronology) has been used in an attempt to extend the calibration of carbon-14 dating earlier than historical records allow, but this depends on temporal placement of fragments of wood (from long dead trees) using carbon-14 dating, assuming straight-line extrapolation backwards. Then cross-matching of ring patterns is used to calibrate the carbon ‘clock’—a somewhat circular process which does not give an independent calibration of the carbon dating system. K.L. McDonald and R.H. Gunst, ‘An Analysis of the Earth's Magnetic Field from 1835 to 1965,’ ESSA Technical Report IER 46-IES, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., p. 14, 1965. B.J. Taylor, ‘Carbon Dioxide in the Antediluvian Atmosphere,’ Creation Research Society Quarterly, 30(4):193-197, 1994. R.H. Brown, ‘Correlation of C-14 Age with Real Time,’ Creation Research Society Quarterly, 29:45-47, 1992. Musk ox muscle was dated at 24,000 years, but hair was dated at 17,000 years. Corrected dates bring the difference in age approximately within the life span of an ox. With sloth cave dung, standard carbon dates of the lower layers suggested less than 2 pellets per year were produced by the sloths. Correcting the dates increased the number to a more realistic 1.4 per day. J. Woodmorappe, The Mythology of Modern Dating Methods, Institute for Creation Research, San Diego, CA, 1999. Ibid. G. WoldeGabriel et al., ‘Ecological and Temporal Placement of Early Pliocene Hominids at Aramis, Ethiopia,’ Nature, 371:330-333, 1994. M. Lubenow, The Pigs Took It All, Creation 17(3):36-38, 1995. M. Lubenow, Bones of Contention, Baker Books, Grand Rapids, MI, pp. 247-266, 1993. A.R. Williams, Long-age Isotope Dating Short on Credibility, CEN Technical Journal, 6(1):2-5, 1992. Woodmorappe, The Mythology of Modern Dating Methods. A.A. Snelling, The Cause of Anomalous Potassium-argon ‘Ages’ for Recent Andesite Flows at Mt. Nguaruhoe, New Zealand, and the Implications for Potassium-argon ‘Dating,’ Proc. 4th ICC, pp.503-525, 1998. Note 14 lists many instances. For example, six cases were reported by D. Krummenacher, Isotopic Composition of Argon in Modern Surface Rocks, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 6:47-55, 1969. A large excess was reported in D.E. Fisher, Excess Rare Gases in a Subaerial Basalt in Nigeria, Nature, 232:60-61, 1970. See note 14, p. 520. The isochron technique involves collecting a number of rock samples from different parts of the rock unit being dated. The concentration of a parent radioactive isotope, such as rubidium-87, is graphed against the concentration of a daughter isotope, such as strontium-87, for all the samples. A straight line is drawn through these points, representing the ratio of the parent:daughter, from which a date is calculated. If the line is of good fit and the ‘age’ is acceptable, it is a ‘good’ date. The method involves dividing both the parent and daughter concentrations by the concentration of a similar stable isotope—in this case, strontium-86. S.A. Austin, editor, Grand Canyon: Monument to Catastrophe, Institute for Creation Research, Santee, CA, pp. 120-131, 1994. A.A. Snelling, Radiometric Dating in Conflict, Creation, 20(1):24-27, 1998. A.A. Snelling, The Failure of U-Th-Pb ‘Dating’ at Koongarra, Australia, CEN Technical Journal, 9(1):71-92, 1995. R. Maas, Nd-Sr Isotope Constraints on the Age and Origin of Unconformity-type Uranium Deposits in the Alligator Rivers Uranium Field, Northern Territory, Australia, Economic Geology, 84:64-90, 1989. See note 20. Giem, P., Carbon-14 content of fossil carbon, Origins 51:6–30, 2001. Baumgardner, J.R., Snelling, A.S., Humphreys, D.R., and Austin, S.A., Measurable 14C in fossilized organic materials: confirming the young earth creation-flood model, Proc. 5th ICC, pp. 127–142, 2003. Ibid. J. Morris, The Young Earth, Master Books, Green Forest, AR, 1994. Austin, Grand Canyon: Monument to Catastrophe. C. Wieland, Sensational Dinosaur Blood Report, Creation, 19(4):42-43, 1997, based on M. Schweitzer and T. Staedter, The Real Jurassic Park, Earth, pp. 55-57, June 1997. D.R. Humphreys, Reversals of the Earth's Magnetic Field During the Genesis Flood, Proc. First ICC, Pittsburgh, PA, 2:113-126, 1986. J.D. Sarfati, The Earth's Magnetic Field: Evidence That the Earth Is Young, Creation, 20(2):15-19, 1998. L. Vardiman, The Age of the Earth’s Atmosphere: A Study of the Helium Flux through the Atmosphere, Institute for Creation Research, San Diego, CA, 1990. J.D. Sarfati, Blowing Old-earth Belief Away: Helium Gives Evidence That the Earth is Young, Creation, 20(3):19-21, 1998. K. Davies, Distribution of Supernova Remnants in the Galaxy, Proc. Third ICC, R.E. Walsh, editor, pp. 175-184, 1994. D. DeYoung, The Earth-Moon System, Proc. Second ICC, R.E. Walsh and C.L. Brooks, editors, 2:79-84, 1990. J.D. Sarfati, The Moon: The Light That Rules the Night, Creation, 20(4):36-39, 1998. S.A. Austin and D.R. Humphreys, The Sea’s Missing Salt: A Dilemma for Evolutionists, Proc. Second ICC, 2:17-33, 1990. J.D. Sarfati, Salty Seas: Evidence for a Young Earth, Creation, 21(1):16-17, 1999. Russell Humphreys, Evidence for a Young World, Answers in Genesis, 1999. A review of Teaching about Evolution and the Nature of Science, National Academy of Science USA, 1998, by Dr Will B. Provine, online at http://fp.bio.utk.edu/darwin/NAS_guidebook/provine_1.html, February 18, 1999. See Woodmorappe, The Mythology of Modern Dating Methods, for one such thorough evaluation. Y.F. Zheng, Influence of the Nature of Initial Rb-Sr System on Isochron Validity, Chemical Geology, 80:1-16, p. 14, 1989. E. Jager and J.C. Hunziker, editors, Lectures in Isotope Geology, U-Th-Pb Dating of Minerals, by D. Gebauer and M. Grunenfelder, Springer Verlag, New York, pp. 105-131, 1979. M.A. Cook, Prehistory and Earth Models, Max Parrish, London, 1966. R.V. Gentry, Creation's Tiny Mystery, Earth Science Associates, Knoxville, TN, 1986. Only those that undergo alpha decay (releasing a helium nucleus). Gentry, Creation's Tiny Mystery. K.P. Wise, letter to the editor and replies by M. Armitage and R.V. Gentry, CEN Technical Journal, 12(3):285-90, 1998. An international team of creationist scientists is actively pursuing a creationist understanding of radioisotope dating. Known as the RATE (Radioisotopes and the Age of The Earth) group, it combines the skills of various physicists and geologists to enable a multi-disciplinary approach to the subject. Interesting insights are likely to come from such a group. This chapter from the book The Revised and Expanded Answers Book, published and graciously provided at no charge to Answers in Genesis by Master Books, a division of New Leaf Press (Green Forest, Arkansas). By downloading this material, you agree to the following terms with respect to the use of the requested material: AIG grants you a non-exclusive, non-transferable license to print or download one (1) copy of the copyrighted work. The copyrighted work will be used for non-commercial, personal purposes only. You may not prepare, manufacture, copy, use, promote, distribute, or sell a derivative work of the copyrighted work without the express approval of AIG. Approval must be expressed and in writing, and failure to respond shall not be deemed approval. All rights in the copyrighted work not specifically granted to you are reserved by AIG. All such reserved rights may be exercised by AIG. 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